ANCIENT REMAINS OF MAN HRDLICKA. 541 



The skull is distinctly masculine, and proceeds from an adult of 

 somewhat advanced age. 



Its vault is remarkably like that of the Neanderthal cranium, 

 though somewhat larger. There is the same huge, prominent, com- 

 plete supraorbital arch. The nasal process is equally broad and 

 sloping considerably downward and backward. Due to the pro- 

 nounced supraorbital arch the upper half of the orbits, as in the 

 Neanderthal skull, has a somewhat forward and downward inclina- 

 tion, wholly unlike that of any man of to-day. The forehead, while 

 low, is somewhat better formed than in the Neanderthal and Spy 

 No. I crania and less sloping. The sagittal region is smooth and oval 

 from side to side. The occiput is broad and shows a fair protrusion 

 but as general in the Neanderthal type of slmlls and in harmony with 

 the rest of the vault, it is decidedly low. The outline of the vault 

 when viewed from above is a prolonged ovoid, mildly asymetric in 

 its posterior portion, due to a slightly greater size and protrusion 

 backward of the right side (pi. 37). The mastoids are remarkably 

 moderate for a male skull and one of this size, approaching in this 

 respect the earlier primate form. The zygomae are stout and widely 

 expanded, due to powerful temporal muscles. 



The bones of the vault, again, as in the Neanderthal and other 

 crania of this type, are thicker than in the skulls of modern man; 

 nevertheless the capacity of the skull was quite large. Prof. Boule 

 estimates it at from 1,600 to 1,620 c. c. This indicates not necessarily 

 a superior brain, but rather one subserving to largely developed 

 organs and powerful musculature. 



Turning to the base of the skull, we find that while the glenoid 

 fossae^ excepting their large size and one or two other peculiarities, 

 are more like those of recent man than those for instance in the 

 Krapina crania, the foramen magnum is of a very large size ^ and is 

 situated, or rather extends farther backward than in man of the 

 present day. There were probably other primitive features of the 

 base, which the damaged parts do not allow to determine with cer- 

 tainty (figs. 10, 11). 



The facial parts show malar bones with powerful frontal and 

 zygomatic processes, but rather small and not prominent body. The 

 nasal structures indicate that the nose was quite long and very broad ; 

 but the lower borders of the nasal aperture are already fairly sharp, 

 as in more modern crania, and the nasal spine, though bifid, was well 

 developed. 



The orbits are not excessively high, but are spacious and deep. 

 The suborbital (canine) fossae are totally absent, the maxilla showing 



1 Corresponding to a stout spinal cord, which is generally associated with a pronounced 

 development of the motor system and other parts of the body. 



