ANCIENT EEMAINS OF MAN HEDLICKA. 545 



the cranium presented in a liigh degree certain primitive character- 

 istics in which it approaches those of the Neanderthal type. 



A little later in the year Dr. Martin made a somewhat more exten- 

 sive report on the find before the Prehistoric Society of France/ 

 and in 1912 he published four other accounts relating to the dis- 

 covery.2 From these publications it appears that archeological ex- 

 plorations at La Quina by Dr. Martin and others had been carried 

 on intermittently for seven years before the human skeleton came to 

 light, yielding many examples of paleolithic stone industries refer- 

 able in the main to the upper or younger division of the Mousterian 

 epoch. In addition a number of human teeth and various fragments 

 of human bones, belonging to the upper Mousterian, were encountered 

 during this time, but none, barring perhapo a larger portion of one 

 lower jaw, are of special importance.^ 



The sandy layer which contained the La Quina skeleton yielded 

 some worked stones representing lance points, knives, and scrapers, 

 but all of inferior workmanship. Evidence was also found in traces 

 of fire and calcined bones, that man of the period represented by the 

 skeleton lived or took refuge in the caverns or holes of the cliff above. 

 The animals on which the La Quina man lived were the reindeer, 

 bison, horse, and rarely also the mammoth. The total Mousterian 

 deposits at La Quina indicate a long duration of the epoch, and one 

 (luring which man advanced considerably in the way of manufacture 

 of his stone utensils. 



The bones of the skeleton were taken to Paris, partly still in the 

 sediments with which they were surrounded, and were then most 

 carefully Avorked out from the matrix (pi. 38). The different parts 

 of the skull, it was found, besides being disjointed, were forced to- 

 gether so as to overlap, while the facial parts were broken and to a 

 large extent deficient. With what was left of the jaws were 14 of 

 the teeth. 



The remains were seen at first sight to present a number of impor- 

 tant primitive characteristics. The frontal bone showed a very pro- 

 nounced supraorbital arch, with low and sloping forehead ; the vault, 

 it could readily be determined, had been low; the temporal fossse 

 were spacious, for the accommodation of powerful temporal muscles ; 



1 Martin, Henri. Presentation d'un crane humain trouve avec le squelette a la base 

 (lu MoustSrien de La Quina (Cliarente). (Bulletin de la Societe Prehistorique Frangaise, 

 Stance du 26 Oct., 1911, pp. 1-12, 3 pis.) 



-A propos de la decouverte de i'homme fossile de La Quina. (Annales de la Faculty 

 des Lettres de Bordeaux, etc., 4th series, vol. 14, 1912, pp. 61-64.) Le Crane de 

 rhomme fossile Moust^rien de La Quina. (C. R. A. F. A. S., 1912, pp. 537-538.) 

 L'homme fossile Mousterien de La Quina (Bull. Soc. Prehistorique Frangaise, 1912, 

 pp. 1-36, 4 pis.), and Position stratigraphique des Ossements humains recueillis dans 

 le Mousterien de La Quina de 1908 a 1912. (Bull. Soc. Prehist. Frangaise, 1912, pp. 1-8, 

 1 pl.) 



° Pictured in the publication last named in footnote 2. 



44863°— SM 1913 35 



