546 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1913. 



the jaws, particularly the mandible, were heavy; and the teeth were 

 large- in size, besides showing other remarkable features. 



In June, 1912, Dr. Martin kindly showed the precious originals to 

 the writer. At that time the skull was already fairly well restored, 

 and impressed one as a typical, though not very massive, representa- 

 tive of the Neanderthal type of crania (pi. 39). It presents the same 

 extraordinary supraorbital arch, a similar low forehead, similarly 

 low vault, and similar ovoid outline when looked at from above, as 

 the Neanderthal, Spy, Gibraltar, and other skulls of the group; but 

 the occiput is rather more protruding. The lower jaw is stout and 

 evidently possessed little, if any, chin prominence ; the teeth, though 

 considerably worn off, are very large. There is nothing pathological 

 about the specimen or other parts of the skeleton. The individual 

 from whom it proceeds was an adult of perhaps 45 years of age, and, 

 in the opinion of Dr. Martin, supported by the relative gracility of 

 the bones, it was a female. The skull, as well as the other bones, 

 show advanced state of mineralization. The color of the skull is 

 ocher to brownish yellow, with areas or ramifications of darker 

 brown. As to the teeth, the dentine parts are darkened, but the 

 enamel is well preserved and white. The other bones of the skeleton 

 are yellowish gray. 



The long and other bones, so far as saved, indicate an individual 

 of moderate stature and good, but not excessive, musculature. As 

 to the detailed characteristics of the bones as well those of the 

 skull, it will be necessary to await the complete report by Dr. Martin. 



An ingenious effort at a reconstruction of the head and neck of 

 the La Quina woman by Dr. Martin will be found in the Bulletin 

 de la Societe Prehistorique Frangaise, of 1913.^ 



THE MOUSTIER MAN. 



Still another highly interesting and scientifically valuable skeleton 

 of early man, recentl}'^ discovered, is that of the so-called '•''Homo 

 niousferiensis Hauseri." The skeleton is preserved in the Museum 

 fiir Volkerkunde at Berlin, where it was seen by the writer. It was 

 discovered in March 1908, by O. Hauser, during archeological exca- 

 vation in what is known as "the lower Moustier cave," or "paleo- 

 lithic station number 44," at Le Moustier, in the valley of the Vezere. 

 Department of Dordogne, France, and was eventually purchased 

 from Herr Hauser for the Berlin Museum. 



The cave in question (fig. 12), or more properly rock shelter, when 

 excaA^ated gave numerous evidences of man's occupation, but no hu- 

 man bones. The skeleton under consideration was discovered in the 

 terrace in front of the cave, almost vertically below its entrance. It 



1 stance du 27 Furrier, 1913. 



