716 ANNUAL KEPOET SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1913. 



immediate demand, such as occurs during a great conflagration. 

 Its capacity will be 900,000,000 gallons. The reservoir is divided 

 into two basins, so that one may be used while the other is being 

 inspected for repairs. The aqueduct is carried within the wall which 

 divides the two basins, and the aqueduct water can be passed through 

 the reservoir and delivered directly into the city tunnel. 



Our thanks are due to Mr. Alfred D. Flinn, department engineer 

 of the board of water supply, for courtesies extended during the 

 preparation of this article. 



II. SUPPLYING A METROPOLIS WITH MOUNTAIN WATER. 



By A. Russell Bond. 



HOW MINING OPERATIONS ARE BEING CARRIED ON THROUGH THE HEART 



OF NEW^ YORK. 



The preceding pages tell how the new aqueduct is being constructed 

 from the Catskill Mountains down to the New York City line, where, 

 at the Hill View Keservoir, the waters wdll pause before taking their 

 plunge into the heart of the city. 



The problem of admitting so large a flood into the metropolis is 

 no small one, particularly Avhen the chief demand for the water will 

 come from those sections of Greater New York which lie many miles 

 away. For the present, at least, little if any of the Catskill water 

 will be used in Manhattan and The Bronx, but most of it will be 

 consumed by the boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, and Richmond. The 

 water-waste campaign which has been carried on for the past few 

 years has so far reduced the consumption of water that the Croton 

 system, which can furnish steadily 350,000,000 gallons of water per 

 day, can easily take care of the immediate wants of Manhattan and 

 The Bronx as well as the demand from these two boroughs for many 

 years to come. It is not likely that the population in Manhattan will 

 increase much, unless it undergoes a marked vertical gi-owth, for now 

 there are practically no more vacant lots to be built upon. So that 

 in estimating the future demands upon the Croton system, we must 

 consider chiefly the growth of population in The Bronx. In the 

 other three boroughs of the city, however, there is a present demand 

 for water, and the probability of large increases in population in 

 coming years. 



To conduct the Catskill water into Brooklyn and Queens, it was 

 decided to build a trunk line so far beneath the surface that there 

 would always be 150 feet of good, solid rock for the roof of the 

 tunnel, and provide a course for a subterranean river which could l>e 

 tapped as needed for the city's supply, and which at the same time 

 would be so completely buried that it would never menace the safety 



