THE PERIODICAL CICADA IN 1911. 



Indiana. — Bartholomew, Daviess,* Fayette, Floyd, Gibson,* Jackson, Jennings, 

 Knox,* Montgomery, Owen, Posey * Putnam, Ripley, Spencer, Sullivan,* Vander- 

 burg,* Vigo,* Warrick * 



Kentucky .—BslVsird.* (BaiTen?), Butler, Caldwell, Calloway, Carlisle,* Christian, 

 Clinton, Crittenden, Daviess, Fulton,* Grant, Graves* Green, Hancock, Hardin, 

 Hickman,* Hopkins, Livingston, Lyon, Mc- 

 Cracken, McLean, Marshall, Muhlenberg, Ohio, 

 Todd, Trigg* .Union, Webster, Wolfe * 



Louisiana. — Bienville,* (Bossier), Caldwell* 

 Claiborne, Concordia,* East Carroll* East Felici- 

 ana, Franklin* Madison * Morehouse, Ouachita,* 

 Pointe Coupee,* (Red River), Richland* St. Hele- 

 na, Tangipahoa, Tensas,* (Washington), West 

 Carroll.* 



Mississippi. — Adams, Alcorn * Amite * Attala,* 

 Benton,* Bolivar * Calhoun * Carroll * Claiborne, 

 Coahoma* Copiah,* De Soto,* Franklin, Gre- 

 nada,* Binds,* Holmes,* (Issaquena), Itawamba, 

 (Jasper), Jefferson, Lafayette,* Lawrence, Leake, 

 Lee,* Leflore,* Lincoln,* Lowndes, Madison,* 

 Marion, Marshall,* Montgomery,* Neshoba, New- 

 ton, Oktibbeha,* Panola,* Pike,* Pontotoc,* 

 Prentiss,* Quitman,* Rankin,* (Scott), Simpson, 

 Smith, Tallahatchie,* Tate,* Tippah, (Tisho- 

 mingo), Tunica,* Union,* Warren,* Washington,* 

 Webster,* Yalobusha,* Yazoo.* 



Missouri. — Audrain,* Barry, Benton, Boone, 

 Callaway, Camden, Cape Girardeau,* Cedar, Chris- 

 tian, Clark (?), Clinton, Cole, Cooper, Dade, Dal- 

 las, Dent, Douglas, Gasconade, Greene, Hickory, 

 Howell, Iron, Jefferson, Johnson, Knox, (Law- 

 rence), Linn, Maries,* ^Iiller, Morgan, New Mad- 

 rid,* Osage,* Ozark, Pemiscot,* Perry,* Pettis, 

 Phelps, Polk, Pulaski, Reynolds/?), St. Charles,* 

 St. Clair, St. Francois, St. Louis, Scott,* Taney, 

 Texas, Warren, Washington,* Webster. 



Ohio. — Hamilton. 



Tennessee. — Benton,* Carroll,* Chester,* Crock- 

 ett, (Davidson), Decatur,* Dickson,* Dyer,* Fay- 

 ette,* Gibson,* Hardeman,* Hardin,* Haywood, 

 Henderson,* Henry,* Humphreys,* Lake* Lauder- 

 dale,* Lewis, McNairy,* Madison,* (Maury), 

 Montgomery, Obion,* Perry,* (Robertson), Ruth- 

 erford, Shelby,* Stewart, Tipfon,* Wayne,* Weak- 

 ley,* Williamson. 



GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 



Fig. 4.— Egg punctures of the periodica! 

 cicada: a, Twig showing recent punc- 

 tures, from front and side, and illus- 

 trating manner of breaking; 6, twig 

 showing older punctures, with retrac- 

 tion of bark, and more fully displaying 

 the arrangement of fibers. Natural 

 size. (After Riley.) 



The periodical cicada is so well known 

 that a general account of it in this place 

 is unnecessary. When it appears in 

 great numbers it naturally causes con- 

 siderable alarm and arouses fears for the safety of shade trees and 

 orchards. The actual damage, however, is usually slight, except in 

 the case of newly planted orchards, and even here, by vigorous prun- 

 ing back after the cicada has disappeared, much of the injury 

 caused by the egg punctures (fig. 4) can be obviated. 



Ordinary repellent substances, such as kerosene emulsion or 

 carbolic-acid solutions, seem to have very little effect in preventing 

 the oviposition of these insects. Some more recent experience, how- 



