6 THE MEDITEEEANEAN FRUIT-FLY. 



Though the fruit-fly was also common at about thnt period in 

 South African oranges, the above facts are considered good evidence 

 by Froggatt that it was introduced into Australia from European 

 countries, and hence the popular name " Mediterranean fruit-fly," by 

 "which the species was designated by him. Concerning its distribu- 

 tion in Australia Froggatt states: 



This fly has spread all through the citrous orchards of New South Wales, to 

 a greater or less extent, but until a few years ago was unknown in the southern 

 parts of this State and the adjoining State of Victoria. At the present time, 

 however, it is found in orchards at Albury, N. S. W., and in quite a number of 

 Victoria orchards, where it has become more or less established. 



The insect is also present in Queensland, as specimens have been 

 obtained from Brisbane. In West Australia, in the vicinity of Perth 

 and all through the citrus orchards, it is regarded as a great pest to 

 fruit growing, as in the climate of Xew South Wales. 



Although the species has probably several times been introduced 

 into Tasmania, it has apparently not yet gained a foothold there. 

 In New Zealand the fly has also been frequently introduced, and at 

 one time was established to a certain extent in the vicinity of Xapier. 

 Its future development in the island, however, was considered prob- 

 lematical by some in view of the character of the climate. As pointed 

 out by Mr. T. W. Kirk, however, there appears to be no reason why 

 the insect would not be equally at home in New Zealand as in 

 Australia. 



The time of its introduction into South Africa is not definitely 

 known. It is thought to have been brought in with fruit from 

 Madeira. AVriting in 1904, C. W. Mally states that it is not difficult 

 to find men who are familiar with the depredations of this insect in 

 the coastal belt of the colony 30 years ago. It is now generally 

 present in the fruit-growing regions of Cape Colony and is recorded 

 from Xatal. According to Mr. C. W. Howard it is also present in 

 the Transvaal, and in Uganda, as recorded by Gowdey ; in northern 

 Egypt (Cairo), as stated by Froggatt; and at Kafrez-Zaiyat, also 

 in Egypt, on the authority of Cartwright. Mr. Geo. Compere, who 

 has traveled in many parts of the world in connection with his search 

 for parasitic and predatory enemies of destructive insects, states that 

 the Mediterranean fruit-fly is present in Asiatic Turkey, St. Helena 

 Island, at Valencia (Eastern Spain), and in Bahia and Sao Paulo, in 

 Eastern Brazil. 



This fruit-fly was discovered in Hawaii about the middle of the 

 year 1910, and the fact of its establishment in the island of Oahu 

 was announced to the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and 

 Forestry by the entomologist. Mr. E. M. Ehrhorn, at its meeting on 

 October 5 of that year. It was suggested by Mr. Ehrhorn, and the 

 suggestion was promptly carried out, that notice be given to the Cali- 



