THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY. 17 



sect, although as later mentioned other methods have been tried with 

 more or less success. 



In Mexico a grant of money was obtained for cleaning up orange 

 orchards infested with the so-called orange worm {Tr-ypeta ludem), 

 and the following rules Avere issued by the Comision de Parasi- 

 tologia Agi'icola in whose hands the work was placed. 



(1) (Jatlier each day all mangoes, lemons, and oranges which may have 

 fallen from the trees, and deposit them in a clean corner of the orchard. 



(2) Destroy all fruit so accumulated at least once a week. 



(3) It is preferable to destroy the fruit by burning, but it may be disposed 

 of by burial, and when buried it should be covered with at least 50 centi- 

 meters (about 20 inches) of soil. 



(4) If the same worm exists in the guava, this fruit should also be destroyed 

 in the same manner. 



Quarantine measures against oranges from ]Mexico have been in 

 force for some years in California. 



In Bermuda an act came into force in 1907 to improve fruit- 

 growing conditions on the island by the suppression of the Mediter- 

 ranean fruit-fly, and the work of eradication was placed in the hands 

 of the board of agriculture. Concerning the scope and character of 

 the work undertaken, Mr. Harris states: 



The general plan has been to collect and destroy all the mature fruits of all 

 kinds known to be punctured throughout the country ; and in such cases, where 

 trees bearing large numbers of small fruit are too numerous, about 90 per cent 

 have been pruned back to prevent their producing fruit during the next fruit- 

 ing season; by doing this it is possible to collect all the fruits produced by the 

 trees that were left unpruned last season. 



The fruits were collected in sacks, weighted by inserting a big stone before 

 closing the bag, and thrown into the sea. In a few instances it proved more 

 convenient to burn or boil the fruits. 



The work was begun as soon as possible after the "Act" came into force. 

 Ten sets of tools were purchased, and an inspector was appointed for each of 

 the nine parishes, and the inspectors were supplied with laborers as necessity 

 demandetl. 



No regulations appear to be in force in Mediterranean countries 

 for the control of this or other fruit-flies, though a large reward is 

 offered by the Italian Government for a remedy for the nearly re- 

 lated species, the olive fly {Dae us oleci' Rossi). Xo reference has 

 been noted bearing on legislation along this line in Australia or in 

 Cape Colony. 



The regulation promidgated by the Hawaiian authorities to pre- 

 vent the distribution of the insect from Oahu to other islands and 

 the quarantine established by California against Hawaiian fruit have 

 already been noted. 



In regions where the pest is well established, as in Australia and 

 South Africa, much attention has been given to devising effective 

 remedies other than the collection and destruction of fallen fruit. 

 A plan recommended by Lounsbury in 1898 was the covering of 



