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INSECT INJURIES TO FOREST PRODUCTS. 3 
losses from this character of injury amounting to from 20 to 50 per 
cent or more. 
-Telegraph and telephone poles, posts, mine props, etc., are fre- 
quently injured before they are set in the ground, especially if the 
bark remains on them during a few weeks after the middle of March. 
SEASONED PRODUCTS IN YARDS AND STOREHOUSES. 
Powder-post beetles—WHardwood lumber of all kinds, rough 
handles, wagon stock, etc., made partially or entirely of sapwood, are 
often reduced in value from 10 to 90 per cent by a class of insects 
known as powder-post beetles. The sapwood of hickory, ash, and 
oak is most liable to attack. The reported losses from this source 
during the past five or six years indicate that there has been an 
average reduction in values of from 5 to 10 per cent or more. 
Old hemlock and oak tanbark is often so badly damaged by vari- 
ous insects which infest dead and dry bark that in some tanyards as 
much as 50 to 75 per cent of the bark that is over three years old is 
destroyed. In one tannery in West Virginia it is estimated that more 
than $30,000 worth of hemlock bark was thus destroyed. 
FINISHED PRODUCTS. 
The greatest loss of finished hardwood products, such as handle, 
wagon, carriage, and machinery stock, is caused by powder-post 
beetles. This is especially true of hickory and ash handles and like 
products in the large and small storehouses of the country, including 
the vast amount of material held in storage for the army and navy. 
When material of this kind is once attacked it is usually worthless 
for the purposes indicated, and therefore must be replaced with new 
material. In some cases losses have amounted to from 10 to 50 per 
cent, and it is estimated that the average losses have been as much as 
10 per cent on nearly all sapwood material that has been in storage 
more than one year. 
UTILIZED PRODUCTS. 
Powder-post bettles, white ants, and other wood-boring insects.— 
The finished woodwork in implements, machinery, wagons, furniture, 
and the inside finish in private and public buildings are often seri- 
ously damaged by powder-post beetles, thus requiring increased de- 
mands for new material. 
Construction timbers and other woodwork in new and old build- 
ings are often so seriously damaged by powder-post beetles, white 
ants, and other wood-boring insects that the affected material has to 
be removed and replaced by new, or the entire structure torn down 
and rebuilt. 
[Cir. 128] 
