8 HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE. 
INSECT LARV&%—Continued. 
Diptera larve—Continued. 
C. nigricans, 1, April. 
C. tentans, 2, November, December. 
C. viridis, 5, August. 
Corethra punctipennis, 20, all year. 
Cricotopus trifasciatus, 1, May. 
Orthocladius, sp.?, 3, February. 
Palpomyia longipennis, 6, June—August. 
Probezzia glaber, 7, May. 
P. pallida, 18, May—July. 
Protenthes culiciformis, 1, May. 
Tanypus, sp.?, 11, June, July. 
T. carneus, 1, August. 
T. decoloratus, 6, November, February. 
T. monilis, 3, July, August. 
Tanytarsus gregarius, 14 (1.1), October. 
Coleoptera larve, 2, August. 
Dytiscid larve, 2, August. 
gh ae nymphs, 54 (3.8), April—Octo- 
er 
May-fly nymphs, unidentified, 9, April— 
October. 
Betis, sp.?, 1 April. 
ars ie sp.?, 15 (2.1), February—Octo- 
er 
Ceenis diminuta, 16, May—August. 
Callibetis, sp.?, 10, April—August. 
Ephemerella, sp.?, 8, April—July. 
Ephemerid, sp.?, 1, May. 
Heptagenia, sp.?, 1, July. 
Siphlurus, sp.?, 1, April. 
Hemiptera nymphs, 12, May—August. 
Corixa nymphs, 10, May—August. 
Notonecta nymphs, 2, May. 
Lepidoptera larve, 1, June. 
Qaona nymphs, 28 (2), March—Novem- 
er. 
Dae as nymphs, 4, August-Novem- 
| 
Celethemis eponina, 1, April. 
Enallagma, sp.?, 2, July. 
BH. antennatum, 2, June. 
EK. Hageni, 10, April—August. 
Ischneura verticalis, 8, March-Novem- 
ber. 
Trichoptera larve, 3, April, August. 
Caddis fly, sp.?, 1, August. 
Hydrophilus, sp.?, 1, August. 
Setodis grandis, 1, April. 
INSECT PUPH, 126 (12.2), April—October. 
Unidentified chironomid, 72 (9.5), April— 
September. 
Chironomus decorus, 11, May—August. 
C. fulviventris, 3, May, June. 
C. lobiferus, 3, August, October. 
Leptocerus, sp.?, 1, June. 
Palpomyia, sp.?, 1, June. 
Tanypus, sp. ?, 9, May, June. 
ADULT INSECTS, 21 (2.4), May-September. 
Unidentified insects, 1, June. 
Beetle, sp.?, 1, May. 
ADULT INSECTS—Continued. 
Corixa, sp.?, 15, March—September. 
Heptagenia, sp.?, 1, August. 
Melanoplus bivittatus, 2, August. 
M. femur rubrum, 1, August. 
Moth, sp.?, 1, May. 
Probezzia pallida, 5, October. 
Protenthes, sp.?, 1, August. 
Sminthurus, sp.?, 3, April, October. 
Cordylura, sp.?, October. 
ARACHNIDA, 12, May—July. 
Unidentified mites, 7, May, June. 
Limnesia histrionica, 5, July. 
AMPHIPopDA, 88 (7.4), all year. 
Dikerogammarus fasciatus, 8 (1.4), Feb- 
ruary, June, August. 
Gammarus limneus, 6 (1.2), February, 
March. 
Hyalella, 54 (4.8), all year. 
ENTOMOSTRACA, 209 (43.7), all year. 
Cladocera, 171 (21.2), April—November. 
Bosmina longirostris cornuta, 3, April— 
August. 
Cee quadrangula, 5, May, Au- 
gust: 
Chydorus spheericus, 28, August—De- 
cember. 
Das sp.?, 738 (10.1), April-—Novem- - 
er. 
D. hyalina, 19 (3.5), June—October. 
D. pulex, 17 (2.4), June, July. 
Eurycercus lamellatus, 29 (1.4), April— 
November. 
Leptodora hyalina, 30 (2.5), June—No- 
vember. 
Pleuroxus procurvatus, 3, July, October. 
Simocephalus vetulus, 4, July, August, 
December. 
Copepoda, 119 (19.4), all year. 
Canthocamptus, 19 (3.1), October. 
Cyclops, sp.?, 48 (13.3), all year. 
C. bicuspidatus, 54 (2.38), all year. 
C. fuscus, 2, February. 
C. serrulatus, 5, February, March, April. 
Diaptomus oregonensis, 1, October. 
Ostracoda, 48 (3.1), all year. 
Mo.uuusca, 1, March, 
Planorbis, 1, March. 
Gorpius, 2, August, September. 
PLANTS, 31, February—October. 
Unidentified remains, 7, April-September. 
Algxe, 21, February—October. 
Filamentous alge, 17, February—Octo- 
ber. 
Nostoe?, 1, October. 
Spirogyra, 1, April. 
Volvox, 1, August. 
Ceratophyllum, 1, August. 
Wolffia, 3, April, August. 
Dépris, 13, April—October. 
CaCOz CRYSTALS, 4, February, March. 
The constituents of the food clearly indicate the food preferences 
and feeding habits of the crappie. 
appear to be justified : 
The following generalizations 
1. The most important foods are insects (38.6 per cent), particu- 
larly immature stages; cladocerans 
(21.2 per cent) ; copepods (19.4 
per cent) ; amphipods (7.4 per cent) ; and fish (6.4 per cent). 
2. Crappies do not feed much on the bottom. 
This is indicated 
by the scarcity of such foods as bottom mud, ostracods, oligochetes, 
and insect larve like Chironomus tentans, which typically live on or 
near the bottom and are abundant in Lake Wingra. The crappie 
differs from the perch in this respect (Pearse and Achtenberg, 
forthcoming report). 
3. Crappies feed among aquatic vegetation in the open water and 
to some extent even at the surface. The chironomid larve occurring 
- 
a, 
Oo PS iy tr tas 
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