HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE. 9 
in the food are largely those which live in the vegetation along- 
shore, and the same applies to a considerable degree to the clado- 
cerans. The dragon-fly, may-fly, and damsel-fly nymphs eaten are 
those which are found among aquatic plants. The occasional high 
percentages of adult midges and midge pupe, with the presence 
of grasshoppers and moths, indicate that feeding often takes place 
at the surface. 
VARIATION IN FOOD. 
Seasonal variation in the food of the crappies in Lake Wingra is 
shown in Table 1 and in figure 2. In the spring the food is made 
JFMANISSIA SOND JFMNANJSJIASONO JFMAMNJIASONDO 
100 25 25 
90 
60 20 20 
70 Amphipods Copepods Odonata 
60 4s “ss agmphs 
50 
40 10 2) 
30 
20 5 5 
1/0 
oO 0 ° 
JFMAMJSISIASONDO JFMAMJJASOND JFMANSISIASOND 
25 50 50 
“es Ephemeria me Chironomid spit Chironomid 
nymphs larvae A 
IS ymp 30 JO ‘ pupae — 
adults--- 
40 20 20 
5 10 40 
7) 7) 0 
JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMSIASOND JEMAMJJSJA SOND 
- Si 100. 
0 
qe 
z 40 8a 
Corethra Fish 7o Cladocera 
larvae Jo 60 
2 50 
20 40 
4 JO 
40 20 
10 
: 0 Q 
Fie. 2.—Percentage by volume of nine of the chief constituents of crappie food, so 
arranged as to show sequence throughout the year, from amphipods, with their 
rr aoe in February, to cladocerans, which attain their maximum volume in 
eptember. 
up, for the most part, of amphipods, copepods, and cladocerans. 
During the summer larve, pupz, and adults of insects are eaten in 
large quantities, but cladocerans continue to be utilized. In the 
autumn, cladocerans, small fishes, and chironomid larve are the 
chief foods. Adult crappies do not appear to feed in the winter. 
Though fishing was carried on each week with gill nets, or with 
hooks and lines, none was caught from October 14, 1916, until Febru- 
ary 14,1917 (Pearse and Achtenberg, forthcoming report). 
