38 



MUSSELS OF CUMBERLAND RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES. 



monkey-faces. A mile below Canton, Ky., there is another bed in 

 12 to 15 feet of water which had been worked previously as was 

 evidenced by an old shell pile, in which a single valve of L. falla- 

 ciosa was found. In the hauls here taken by our party were obtained, 

 May 23, four gravid niggerheads and five pigtoes. 



The bed at Eddyville, Ky., examined May 18, was on a gravel 

 bottom covered with 15 feet of water, with a current of about 2 

 miles an hour. This bed had been worked more or less for four 

 years, but was difficult and unsatisfactory on account of numerous 

 "hang-ups." 



Just above the Ferry at Kuttawa, Ky., there was a large mussel 

 bed on a bottom of sand and gravel, covered with 8 or 10 feet of 

 water, with a swift current. Eighteen hauls were made with the 



following lesults: 



Hauls at Kuttawa, Ky. 



a No mussels, due to shifting sand. 



b Water 50 feet deep. 



c No mussels. 



Of the gravid mussels obtained in these hauls the elephant-ear ( U. 

 crassidens) had the entire outer gills padlike, striate, and white. 

 Lampsilis orbiculaia has a marsupium that is black-e(:ged, while the 

 mantle is striated brown and black like that of L. ventricosa. The 

 pigtoes (Q. ohliqua) were just bcglniiirg to become gravid (May 13), 

 with minute white spawn alorg the ci-enate ec^ge of the outer gills. 

 In Lampsilis gracilis the posterior ha.'f cf the outer gills had much 

 the appearance of a lima bean, in which the conghitinates were some- 

 what separated, with no black ci'g? and no furrows. 



CHARACTER OF WATER OF THE CUMBERLAND RIVER. 



In the coal regions of the upper Cumberland River the water is 

 generally clear and of an acid nature. The acidity is well shown by 

 the limy parts of the dead shells beirg greatly dissolved away and in 



