174 Messrs. Calvert and Johnson on the Chemical Changes which 
last fact is easily accounted for by the small amount of carbon 
which it contains, as stated above and shown by these results :— 
First analysis. Second analysis. Mean. 
Carbon . . 1000 0:927 0-963 
Silicium . . 0160 0:167 0°163 
8th Sample, taken out at 1 50™. 
This last sample was taken a few minutes before the balls 
were ready to be removed from the furnace, to be placed under 
the hammer, and was a part of one of the balls which were sepa- 
rated and placed to cool. It was observed that no blue flame 
issued from the mass as it cooled. The appearance of the 
sample showed that the mass constituting the ball was still 
spongy, and granulated similar to the previous ones. The only 
difference was, that the granules adhered together sufficiently to 
require a certain amount of force to separate one from the other, 
and also that they were much more malleable under the hammer. 
They were found to contain the following quantities of carbon 
and silicium per cent. :— 
First analysis. Second analysis. Mean. 
Carbon . . 0771 0-773 0-772 
Silicium . . 0170 0-167 0:168 
We should observe here, that the black coating which covers 
the granules of iron, even of No. 8 sample, preserves the iron 
from all oxidation; for none of the samples became oxidized 
during the nine months they were in the laboratory, exposed to 
the atmosphere, and to the various acid fumes floating about. 
This black coating is probably composed of a saline oxide of 
iron. 
9th Sample.—Puddled Bar. 
The balls taken out of the furnace were hammered, and then 
rolled into bars, and in these we found the following :— 
First analysis. | Second analysis. Mean. 
Carbone} h<1 U29E 0-301 0-296 
Siicium . . 0130 0:110 0-120 
Sulphur . . 0142 0°126 0134. 
Phosphorus . 0139 ay OR 0°139 
10th Sample.—Wire Iron. 
The puddled bars were cut into billets of about 4 feet in 
length, and heated in a furnace to a white heat, and then rolled 
