PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES. 9 
many of the fish, the proportion being sometimes as much as one-third 
of the catch, have white flesh. ~A few examples have been taken with 
ane side of the body red and the other white, while some are found 
with mottled flesh. No reasonable explanation of this phenomenon 
has yet been given. 
In its southern range the quinnat strikes in at Monterey Bay in 
sufficient numbers to justify commercial fishing about the middle of 
April, where it is seen feeding upon the mshore moving schools of 
herring and sardines, continuing until in August. There are two 
runs of spawning fish in the Sacramento, the first or “spring run’”’ 
beginning in April and continuing throughout May and June, these 
fish spawning mainly in the cold tributaries of the Sacramento, such 
as the McCloud and Fall Rivers. The second or “fall run” occurs 
in August, September, and October, and these fish spawn in the 
riffles in the main river between Tehama and Redding, also entering 
the tributaries in that vicinity. The two runs merge into each other. 
It is also claimed that there is a third run which comes in December. 
In former years the San Joaquin and the American and Feather 
Rivers of the Sacramento system had large runs of salmon, but ex- 
cessive fishing and the operation of various mining and irrigation 
projects have practically depleted them. 
The Eel and Mad Rivers of northern California have only a late 
or fall run, while the Klamath River has both a spring and a fall 
run, and Smith River has a spring run alone. Rogue River in 
Oregon has both a spring and a fall run, and the Umpqua and several 
other coast streams of Oregon have small early runs. 
The Columbia River has three runs, the first entering during 
January, February, and March, and spawning mainly in the Clack- 
amas and neighboring streams. The second, which is the best run, 
enters during May, June, and part of July, spawning mainly in the 
headwaters. ‘The third run occurs during late July, August, Sep- 
tember, and part of October, and spawns in the tributaries of the 
lower Columbia. 
In Puget Sound chinook salmon are found throughout the year, 
although it is only during the spawning season that they are very 
abundant. In the Fraser River, a tributary of the Sound, the run 
occurs from March to August. 
In the Skeena River, British Columbia, the run occurs from May 
to July, the same being approximately true of the Nass also. 
In Southeast Alaska they are found all months of the year. From - 
March to the middle of June they are abundant and feeding in the 
numerous straits and sounds; in May and June the spawning fish 
enter the Unuk, Stikine, Taku, Chilkat, Alsek, and Copper Rivers 
in large numbers, and in a few smaller streams in lesser abundance. 
In August, September, and October they are again to be found in 
