26 PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES. 
angles to the shore, and to these are attached a net by short ropes. 
From each stake a section of net isrun out and downstream, curv- 
ing inward like a hook at the end, the latter part being held in’ place 
by three stakes. 
The stake nets are 40 to 60 meshes deep, with 5}-inch stretch mesh, 
and are set 85 yards apart. A set of these as described above forms 
one fishing location. 
The chinook gill nets are usually 83 to 9 inches stretch mesh and 
24 meshes deep, while the gill nets for silvers, chums, and steelheads 
are of 7-inch stretch mesh and 35 meshes deep. 
For some years the salmon from the Quinault River were brought 
to Hoquiam and Aberdeen for canning- In 1911 W. W. Kurtz, of 
the former place, began the erection of a cannery at Moclips for the 
purpose of packing these fish, and the same season his example was 
followed by Frank Shafer. Mr. Kurtz still operates his plant, but 
the other is now owned by the Pacific Fisheries & Packing Co. 
Grays Harbor.—This is the first important indentation on the coast 
of Washington south of Cape Flattery. It is about 40 miles long 
from east to west and about 20 miles wide in the widest part. The 
principal tributary is the Chehalis River, but there are a number of 
small streams which debouch into the harbor. 
In 1883 B. A. Seaborg, who operated a cannery on the Columbia 
River, established a plant at what was later to be the thriving city 
of Aberdeen, although at that time it was practically a wilderness. 
In 1902 the North American Fisheries Co. built a plant at Aber- 
deen. Shortly after it came into the possession of the Grays Harbor 
Packing Co., and on June 8, 1903, it was destroyed by fire. It was 
rebuilt and operated by this company until 1906, when it was sold 
to S. Elmore & Co., who still own it. 
The Hoquiam Pace Co. built a cannery at Hoquiam in 1904 
and have operated it ever since. 
In 1910 two.canneries were in operation at Aberdeen and Hoquiam, 
respectively, while in 1915 there were three at the former place and 
one at the latter in operation. 
Willapa Harbor.—The entrance to this harbor, which also includes 
Shoalwater Bay, is about 27 miles south of Grays Harbor. The har- 
bor runs east and west and is about 25 miles long. Shoalwater Bay 
extends south from it a distance of about 30 miles, its southern por- 
tion ending about a mile from the Columbia River and its west- 
ern side being separated from the ocean by a spit varying in width 
from three-fourths to 1 mile. The bay is shallow, excepting in the 
main channel. The principal salmon streams entering the harbor 
are the Nasel and North Rivers, in which most of the pound or trap 
nets are located. 
Ce a ae 
