PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES.. 81 
TRAPS OR POUND NETS. 
A trap is stationary and consists of webbing, or part webbing and 
part wire netting, held in place and position by driven piles. This 
piling usually is held together above water by a continuous line 
of wood stringers, also used to fasten webbing to or to walk on if 
necessary. ‘ 
In building, the “lead” is first constructed. This runs at right 
angles, or very nearly so, to the shore, and consists of a straight 
-line of stakes, to which wire or net webbing is hung from top of 
high water, or a little higher, to the bottom, making a straight, 
solid wall. 
At a little distance inshore of the outer end of the lead begin 
what are called the “hearts.” These are V-shaped and turned 
toward the lead, beginning at a distance of 30 to 40 feet on either 
side of same and running in the same general direction, the “big 
heart” or outer heart first, the inner heart, supplementing the first, 
being smaller, and the end of the outer heart leading into it. Some 
traps have only one heart. The narrow end of the inner heart leads 
into the “pot” and forms what is known as the “tunnel.” The 
tunnel ends in a long and narrow opening, running up and down 
the long way, and is held in position by ropes and rods. Below 
this is what is known as the “‘apron,”’ a sheet of web stretched 
from the bottom of the heart upward to the pot, in order to lead 
the fish into the tunnel when swimming low in the water, and to 
obviate the necessity of building the pot clear to the bottom, which 
would be expensive, as the pots of the traps are usually in quite 
deep water. If the trap is intended to catch the fish coming from 
only one direction, the lead generally runs to and is attached to 
one side of the entrance to the outer heart on the side opposite 
to that from which the fish are expected. 
Some traps have “jiggers”’ (a hook-shaped extension of the outer 
heart) on each side, and sometimes on only one side, which help 
to turn the fish in the required direction. 
The “pot” is built out beyond the inner heart and immediately 
adjoining same. It is a square compartment, with web walls and 
bottom connected in the shape of a large square sack, fastened to 
piling on all sides. This pot is hauled up and down by means of 
ropes and tackles, either by hand or, as is most popular, by steam. 
The ‘‘spiller” is another square compartment adjoining either 
end of the pot (sometimes there are two spillers, one at each end), 
and is simply a container for fish. A small tunnel leads the fish 
from the pot into the spiller, whence the fishermen lift them out. 
This is accomplished by closing the tunnel from the pot, after which 
the ropes holding the front of the spiller are loosened and the net 
