PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES. 107 
veloping Siberia’s fisheries were it assured of a sufficiently long 
tenure of lease with some other minor concessions. 
_ APPARATUS EMPLOYED. 
In the river districts somewhat primitive fishing apparatus is. 
employed. Spears, dip nets, and the other simple forms which 
seem to be common to all savage tribes depending upon the water 
for the greater part of their subsistence, are all in use by the natives 
living along the upper reaches. 
Weirs of a primitive type are also used. These have a lead con- 
sisting of willow poles and branches built from the river bank or a 
sand bank out into the stream. At the outer end is attached a net 
compartment with a lead, into which the fish, which have been 
following the lead in the search for an opening, pass. Two men in 
a boat are anchored close by, and as soon as 30 or 40 salmon have 
passed into the compartment, it is hauled up and the fish emptied 
into the boat. after which the net is reset. 
Haul seines of varying lengths and depths are used in connection 
with the more important river fishing stations. 
Along the coast the Japanese use a floating trap net somewhat 
similar to the type used in Alaska, also haul seines and afew gill nets. 
ABUNDANCE OF SALMON. 
It is exceedingly difficult to secure even approximate statistics 
of the Siberian catch of salmon, owing to the wide extent of coast, the 
totally inadequate means of transportation preventing close super- 
vision, the presence of so many foreigners who go directly home with 
their catches at the end of the season, and the crude system of control 
in operation by the authorities. 
The following table shows the catch of salmon in the four districts 
for the year 1898: 
Districts. Spring. Summer. | Autumn. 
MRM aise as accion as Wine siecadievesuisesdwantusmacsnenateelaseotetsests 7,464,896 | 4,685, 480 
RORMETA SOOO Fo aw ais acne nccne ccc wescs tele eds iat Shs SUES I OE 60, 000 873, 000 2, 662, 000 
Bat ema te alas ainsi ct saiowscaneccncescessscacceceeereneesse 1,067,000 316, 950 665, 500 
Bic it Ee SL cide oo tos Sc cn nnateesaccclesccascchastese 666, 000 635, 000 748, 000 
SE MEPEe tan wcee ston sce e cciadsaccecs oosdacecoctccceesaceces 1,793,000 | 9,289, 846 8, 760, 980 
In the Anadir district the catch in 1909 was as follows: Cape 
St. Michael, 91,616; above Cape Neuman, 8,234; Anadir River, 
150,746; Anadir River estuary, 9,864; Hanchelar River, 6,121; 
Cape Observation, 270,000; total, 536,581. The catch by natives 
and small Russian fishermen is estimated at about 3,000,000 and 
500,000 fish, respectively. In addition to this, 130 barrels of caviar, 
