116 PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES. 
Island proper, the Kuril Islands, and Japanese Sakhalin. Most of 
these plants devote the major part of their energies to the packing 
of crab meat, the canning of salmon being in most cases a side issue. 
A few of the plants have been equipped with machinery, but the 
large majority are hand-pack plants, employing but a few persons. 
Most of these plants pack what is called “‘white trout,” which is 
really the humpback or masu salmon. In 1912 there were in Hok- 
_kaido and adjacent islands 21 canneries which packed 730 cases (48 
one-pound flat cans each) of red (. nerka) and 72,770 cases (48 
one-pound cans each) of ‘‘white trout,” a total of 73,500 cases. 
On the Japanese portion of Sakhalin Island 4 canneries packed 
10,120 cases (48 one-pound cans each) of “‘white trout”’ in 1912. 
The pack of canned salmon in Japanese territory in recent years 
has been as follows: 
Karafuto 
Hokkaido 
Years. andukannilet A Dol. Total. 
Cases Cases Cases. 
OE Ac OE ee Ft aioe nidclw sa Saas san Satenee eloecniee cision ele se alaiete = 73, 500 10, 120 83, 620 
ROSIE os sh CORE Sk MOE td ek oe ue ics bee err ee 465000) oscar 46, 000 
VTE oe Sa 2 ee BON ahs SRS Sat toy 50, 450 15, 000 65, 450 
TOUS\(Gsfimated) son cscs domecce edn ce tsetse Seine ne airline wiciete =u'e<ieiais 55, 000 15, 000 70, 000 
The following table shows the quantities and value of salmon and 
trout taken by the Japanese fishermen in certain years: 
Salmon. Trout. 
Years. 
Pounds. Yen. Pounds. Yen. 
1909) 22 lee Ble e a Sze Fes WON: ee aery. Eek eae 5, 722, 475 454, 662 923,025 | 121, 499 
MOQ aa? o&. SRR tate oe Settee J. tan Slotciclate dietatetelee/eiatametl 9, 286, 267 892, 879 4, 500, 008 332,316 
ADI Die Bs ode OPC RRS a aL A Ca 26, 438,017 | 1,594,230} 44,038,383 | 928, 513 
FISHERY METHODS. 
In Japanese waters salmon are taken by means of trap nets, haul 
seines, and gill nets. 
The haul seines used along the seashore have a length of about 500 
fathoms. Each is carried by a boat of 9 feet beam with 30 men, and 
the right wing, called the “outing wing,” is first paid out as the boat 
heads out from the beach. When the pocket, or bunt, is cast, the 
boat turns its course toward the right and steers gradually landward, 
casting the left wing. When the school is encircled the seine is hauled 
ashore by the seine ropes. 
The floating trap net used for salmon is known as ‘‘kaku-ami,” or 
square trap net. This consists of a main net and lead. The main net, 
or heart, is 70 fathoms long, 10 fathoms wide, and 10 fathoms deep, 
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