XII. FOREIGN TRADE IN SALMON. 
As we do not consume all of the salmon produced by our fisheries, 
it is necessary to find a foreign market for the surplus each season, 
but, as canned salmon has become one of the staples of the world, there 
is not much difficulty in this respect, especially since our only compet- 
itors are Canada, Siberia, and Japan. The two last named have not 
yet become much of a factor in the canned-salmon market, though 
they will as their fishing operations are extended. There is more 
competition in the pickled, fresh, and frozen markets, several Kuro- 
pean and Asiatic countries being large producers of these goods, as is 
Canada also, for a considerable proportion of which she is compelled 
to find an outside market. 
EXPORTS OF CANNED SALMON. 
From the beginning of the industry a considerable proportion of the 
salmon canned has been exported, especially of the higher grades. 
In Europe the chief customer is Great Britain, taking about nine- 
tenths of all sent to European ports. Great Britain does not, how- 
ever, consume this quantity, for a considerable part of her importa- 
tions are reexported. On the North American Continent and adja- 
cent islands the best customers are Mexico, Panama, and the British 
West Indies, in the order named. In South America, Peru, Argen- 
tina, and British Guiana were the leading markets in 1910. In 1908 
Chile imported 4,196,060 pounds; in 1909 the importations dropped 
to 97,993 pounds, but increased in 1910 to 1,556,629 pounds. In 
Asia, Hongkong and China import canned salmon, although neither 
buys great quantities. The islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans 
are large consumers. British Australasia took 5,474,818 pounds, 
valued at $551,312, in 1910, and other good customers were the 
British East Indies and British, French, and German Oceania. In 
Africa the British and Portuguese possessions are the largest im- 
porters. 
The movements of these products are naturally often influenced 
favorably or adversely as the tariffs of the various countries in which 
they are marketed are raised or lowered. 
Some countries maintain excessively high tariffs, among these being 
Brazil, 30 cents per pound; Colombia, 84 cents; Mexico, 4 cents; 
Guatemala, 64 cents; Paraguay, 7 cents; Uruguay, 6 cents; Austria- 
Hungary, 8 cents, and Germany, 7 cents. Norway levies 6 cents a 
pound duty, but this is undoubtedly to protect her own salmon 
industry. 
In but few of the tariff acts is canned salmon distinguished by name, 
being usually classed as ‘‘preserved fish,’ and as these are usually 
luxuries in many countries they bear an extra high duty as a result. 
In addition to these high duties in some countries, especially in 
South America, there are various other charges, fees, etc., which 
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