MILNER ON THE ARTIFICIAL CULTURE OF THE SHAD. 423 



for the sake of procuring spawners, the proprietors of the fisheries 

 beiug partially remunerated for their expenses during this additional 

 time. 



A new and less expensive seine was put in on the 8th, but no shad 

 were taken in it, and but few other fishes, which was no doubt partly 

 owing to the bad construction of the seine. About J0,000 shad were 

 turned into the river. 



On the 10th a new seine was set at work on the ground, and making 

 eight hauls one shad was captured. The temperature of the water was 

 80° to 82°. 



It was now decided to break up the station, and the boxes, chains 

 anchors, and boat were stored away until another year. 



N. W. Clark, of Clarkston, a fish-culturist of Michigan, arrived in 

 Washington on the ith, sent out by the State commission for a supply 

 of shad for waters in Michigan. A sufiicient supply for this purpose 

 was in readiness, and it was decided at the same time to move a ship- 

 ment out to the head-waters of the Kanawha Eiver, in West Virginia. 



Six large milk-cans, with a capacity of fifty quarts each, had been pro- 

 vided for the purpose, but at the request of a prominent fish-culturist 

 two large galvanized-iron cans, with a very convenient and ingenious 

 device for aeration, were substituted for two of the milk-cans. About 

 50,000 young shad were put into the six cans. The water from the river 

 at 5.45 p. m., the time when the fish were put into the cans, was 83.5° 

 in temperature, and a quantity of ice was immediately procured for the 

 purpose of reducing this high degree of heat, as it was much too high 

 for the young fish to endure. 



The ice placed around the cans while beiug transferred in a wagon 

 from the hatching-station to the ferry-boat of the Orange, Alexandria 

 and Manassas Eailroad, reduced the heat somewhat, and while cross- 

 ing the river on the steamer a small quantity of ice was put inside of 

 the cans, so that at 8 p. m., when the train left Alexandria, two hours 

 and fifteen minutes after the fish had been put into the cans, the tem- 

 perature was reduced to 72°. 



A reserve can of water, obtained at a hydrant in Alexandria, was 

 taken on board the train and a quantity of ice put into it. 



Fresh water was obtained at Warreuton Junction, at Staunton, and 

 North Mountain Summit, always from the railroad-tanks, as no other 

 water was to be obtained ; the temperature of the water in the reserve 

 can was reduced with ice to about 52° to 53° before it was put upon 

 the fish, and the cans of fish held a very uniform temperature through- 

 out the journey of from 68° to 73.5°. 



In the night it was discovered that a large number of the fish in the 

 galvanized-iron cans were dead, tliough those in the tin cans seeined to be 

 all lively and in good condition, and in the morning very few living ones 

 could be found in the galvanized-iron cans. 



At 8.30 a. m. of the 6th, Ronceverte, West Virginia, the point on the 



