512 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



case in former times. This fish, entirely unknown to the trade, was 

 formerly only found in very insignificant numbers in Lake Wygri. 



Among the private establishments we ought not to pass in silence 

 that of Senator Zeumern located abont 22 miles from St. Petersburg, 

 which chiefly raises trout. 



10. — PISCICULTURE IN FINLAND. 



In Finland, piscicaltare has assumed vast dimensions ; there are at 

 lu'esent in that country more than ten large establishments, which pro- 

 j)agate valuable species of fish, such as the trout, the salmon, and the 

 lavaret. 



The man who has done most for pisciculture in Finland is the famous 

 pisciculturist Holmberg, who, in 1862, became inspector of piscicul. 

 ture in that country. He has personally contributed toward the found- 

 ation of the following establishments: at Stokfors (province of Wyborg) 

 on the coast of the Gulf of Finland ; on the branch of the Kioiimeue 

 Eiver called Soutte ; in the town of Tammerfors, where the establish- 

 ment is fed from the falls of the same name; and at Aborfors on a 

 branch of the Kioiimeue Elver. This last-mentioned establishment 

 propagates the salmon of the sea. 



Through the active and enlightened assistance of Mr. Holmberg, the 

 establishments of Swarta (Province of Newland) have been founded on 

 the river of the same name. There they principally propagate the lava- 

 ret, the salmon, the trout, {Salmo fario, L.,) and the carp. It has been 

 observed at this establishment that a salmon which measured 14i inches 

 and weighed nearly 1^ pounds in August, 1803, had in the month of Octo- 

 ber attained the weight of If pounds and the length of 17 inches. It had, 

 therefore, in two months grown in length 2h inches, and in weight more 

 than I pound. The carp intended for j)ropagating have been brought 

 from Lubeck in ISGl. We may also mention the piscicultural establish- 

 ment of Kroneburg, on Lake Ladoga. Those of Kioiimeue, located at 

 several points on the river of the same name, near the Gulf of Finland, 

 that of Keksholm, on the Island of Sikkolauter, between the sources of 

 Wokcha and the hills of Kekvsholm, &c. The fecundation of spawn in 

 these Finland establishments has at first been carried on according to 

 the " moist method" introduced there from Norway ; but since 1862 the 

 " dry method," invented by Mr. Vrasski, has been followed with great 

 success. 



Regarding the raising of young fish, we must remark, that in the 

 larger number of piscicultural establishments in Finland the young fish, 

 remains only for a very short time in the building, and as soon as it 

 has absorbed the umbilical bag it is let loose in the rivers. 



As food, the young of the Aspnis alburnus, Agass., are used, raised 

 specially for this purpose ; the larva? and cocoon of the viviparous fly, 

 [Sarcophaga carnaria Cnv. Musca carnaria, L.) and finally flesh of fish 

 or meat chopped fine. 



The salmon are particularly fond of quite young ablets; thus in the 



