THE HISTORY OF FISH-CULTURE. 513 



establishment of Swarta it has been observed that yonng sabuon wonki 

 in a few moments devour seven or eight little ablets. 



Independent of the establishments which are employed in the propa- 

 gation of " winter fish," there are in Finland many other establishments 

 which raise the several kinds of "summer fish," the perch, the bream, 

 &c. These establishments are found throughout the whole interior of 

 the country, and their number increases every day, for they require 

 neither any very great expense for starting, nor much care in working 

 them. 



C— EEPOET ON THE STATE OF PISCICULTURE IN FRANCE 

 AND THE NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES. 



By M. Bouchox-Brandely, Assistant Secretary of the College of France. 



[Report to the minister of public works in 1873, translated from the French by H. 



Jacobson.] 



1. — Introductory remarks. 



Pisciculture, which, in the College of France, has developed so rapidly 

 under the direction of our celebrated physiologist, M. Coste, and of M. 

 S. Chantrau, is a science which ought to have a place in the system of 

 instruction. 



The mission which you have confided to me has enabled me to trace 

 the outlines of an economical and practical treatise, which I shall soon 

 have the honor to present to 3^0 ur excellency in complete shape. 



We know from the reports of Mr. Ashworth how much Great Britain 

 has profited by the national enterprise of M. Coste, since as early as 

 1860 the salmon-fisheries of Scotland and Ireland alone amounted to 

 more than £800,000. Germany, Belgium, and Holland have likewise 

 profited from our establishment at Hiiniugen, which has been organized 

 under the direction of M. Coste, thus putting to practical use a discov- 

 ery in physiology. 



The countries which I have visited, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, all 

 equally show signs of remarkable progress, which is due to the lead 

 taken by France. 



It would be very much out of place in our day to trace to the an- 

 cient inhabitants of China and India discoveries to which they were 

 perfect strangers. We must not confound pisciculture, properly so called, 

 with the art of fishing, which at all times and in all countries of the 

 globe has been held in great honor ; and Remy has certainly not got 

 his idea of fecundating spawn artificially from the annals of the celestial 

 empire. Nor had the College of France to look for advice to India 

 or China in making its first scientific attempts, which have been 

 crowned with such signal success. Not much time was consumed in 

 developing this first great idea, and Hiiningen was established. The 

 S. Mis. 74 33 



