THE HISTORY OF FISH-CULTUKE. 517 



Since that time Mr. Massart has had nothiug to fear from trespassers. 

 Fishers who catch fish which have not yet attained their reguhir size 

 must throw them into the basins of the establishment if they are alive ; 

 if dead, they are confiscated and given as food to other fish. 



Mr. Massart has also made interesting experiments with a view of 

 determining the inflneuce of different waters on the development of 

 fish. From the specimens which can be seen with him, one arrives at 

 the conclusion that rapidity of current and fresh water are essential 

 conditions for raising salmon. 



In concluding our Swiss review we must briefly mention the establish- 

 ment of M. de Loes, at Aigle, in the canton of Vaud, and the measures 

 which the cantonal government has taken for replenishing their rivers. 



M. de Loes, like Dr. Vouga, is a corresponding member of the Acclima- 

 tization Society. His experience is very valuable, and the federal 

 government has understood this so well that it has intrusted to M. de 

 Loiis the entire administration of pisciculture in the canton ; and, thanks 

 to his exertions, there will soon be no lack of fish in the lake of 

 Geneva, in the river Ehone, and the rivers of the canton. 



At the request of 31. de Loes, the government has established two 

 fish-ponds at Lay, near the banks of the Ehone, where those fish are 

 kept in reserve which are destined for reproduction. A government 

 commissioner has to examine the fishing, and retains those fish which 

 are to form part of this reserve. As fishing in this part of the river can 

 only take i^lace during the spawning-season, since salmon and trout only 

 come there at that period, suitable fish are easily selected. Later, these 

 fish are returned to their owners, who would lose all their privileges if 

 they would refuse to submit to this arrangement. This excellent idea, 

 somewhat modified, has been put into practice in two rivers of the 

 canton of Yaud, the Thiele and the Arno, and the persons who rent 

 the fisheries are obliged every year to deposit some fecundated eggs in 

 the fish-ponds established near each of these rivers. 



M. de Loiis is subject to the same conditions as regards the canal 

 running parallel to the Rhone, in which he is authorized to fish during 

 the whole season. His hatching-establishment is well organized, and 

 enables him to fill all the orders sent to him. After having procured all 

 the fish he wants, he places them in his basins, waiting for the moment 

 favorable for reproduction. The eggs are then placed on an apparatus, 

 which receives water from an excellent spring in the mountains. 



The hatching-process, which is always entirely successful, is conducted 

 partly on sand and partly on clay. 



The establishment for raising fish, located somewhat lower in the val- 

 ley of the Rhone is fed from a very abundant spring, forming a brook, 

 which M. de Loes has developed to the length of one kilometer, (f of 

 a mile,) by making it twist several timey in a square, each side of which 

 does not measure more than 100 meters, (328 feet.) Small lakes are 



