THE HISTORY OF FISH-CULTURE. 519 



every year mauy tliousands of yoaug fisli are supplied to the lakes and 

 neigUboring rivers. The first establishment was that of Salzburg, 

 founded in 1865. The government at first granted it a considerable 

 annual subsidy, but for the last three years it has been able to cover its 

 expenses, by raising from 10,000 to 15,000 young fish, and sending 

 3,000,000 of fecundated eggs to the ditferent provinces of Austria, to 

 Switzerland, Holland, and even to Hiiuingen. 



At present every province of the empire possesses its own piscicultu- 

 ral establishment. 



In upper Austria two societies have been formed, one at Linz in 1870, 

 and the other at Ische in 18G6 ; the former numbering 93 members, and 

 the latter 29. 



In the province of Salzburg the society has the name of " Central In- 

 stitute of Artificial Pisciculture," and numbers 96 members. 



In Tyrol a society was formed in 1809, consisting of 9 members ; and 

 another at Tarbole in 1873, numbering 12 members. 



In Bohemia a society has been formed at J^achod, numbering 13 mem 

 bers. 



In the province of Bukowina a society is being organized under the 

 direction of M. L. Lindes, and the minister of agriculture has just granted 

 him the sum of 800 florins. 



We must here also mention the piscicnltural establishments of the 

 Princes Schwarzenberg, who have sent a number of s[)ecimens to the 

 Vienna Exposition ; the establishment of Baron Washington, the larg- 

 est pisciculturist of Austria, at Wildon near Graz ; and M. Pammer at 

 Graz, who furnishes the river Murr with fish. 



The Salzburg establishment, the largest of all, has been founded on 

 the plan of the one at Hiiningen. The hatching apparatus of the College 

 of France is used in a somewhat improved shape. These apparatus 

 hatch every year 3,500,000 eggs. 



The establishment is located near the imperial castle at Salzburg, at 

 the foot of the Alps, only two and a half miles from the city. 



The basins to the number of fifteen are all fed by spring- water ; they 

 are partly covered so as to afford places of refuge for the young fish- 

 The spring is in the house of watchmen and in the very place where 

 the hatching takes place ; a large basin of this fresh water surrounds 

 the house, and in this those fish are kept which are destined for repro- 

 duction. The other basins, in which there are fish of every age, are com - 

 paratively small ; that in which 20,000 young fish have been placed this 

 year is only 2^ meters long, (nearly 4 feet,) 1 meter 20 centimeters broad, 

 (about 3f feet,) and 35 centimeters (about li feet) deep. 



Two other basins are reserved, one for carp and the other for aquarium 

 fish, which increase with an almost incredible rapidity, and being in 

 l)roportion to the size of the establishment, whose area is about 30,000 

 square meters. 



The food consists of white-fish and horse-flesh ; and at the expense of 

 about 2J francs per day, 30,000 fish of all sizes are fed. 



