THE HISTORY OF FISH-CULTURE. 533 



The Abbe Spallanzaui, au Italiau, iu 1768, employed artificial fecuu- 

 dation iu his studies of the embryology of the frog, aud Monro Eusconi, 

 also an Italian, iu 1824, artificially fecuudated and hatched the eggs of 

 a cyprinoid fish, the tench {Tinea vulgaris) while prosecuting investiga- 

 tions in embryology. 



In 1837 John Shaw practiced the art with the salmon in the river 

 Nith of Scotland, and made use of his experience to extend the knowl- 

 edge relating to the growth and development of the young salmon. 



Joseph Remj', a fisherman of the department of the Yosges, France, 

 discovered aiui applied, about 1842,* the methods of artificial fecunda- 

 tion on the trout. Afterward uniting with him Antoine Gehin, they 

 continued the work with ample success iu the rivers of their region. It 

 was from the work of Remy and Gehi]i that the great impetus and ex- 

 tended efforts in fish-culture had an origin, when it had been brought to 

 the notice of the world by the French scientists. 



The artificial propagation of fishes is now ex;tensively practiced iu 

 Great Britain, France, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, 

 Russia, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, and Spain, in Canada 

 and in our own country, while India, Java, Australia, and Tasmania have 

 instituted investigations by fishery commissioners aud have imported 

 valuable species of food-fishes. 



In the United States the first published record of an experiment in 

 artificial fecundation was made by the late Rev. John Bachman, D. D., 

 the naturalist, of Charleston, S. C, who was associated with Audubon 

 in his work on th^ quadrupeds of North America.f 



In 1855 he read a paper before the State Agricultural Society, at 

 Columbia, S. C, describing his successes when a boy, in the year 1804, 

 in impregnating and hatching the ova of the corporal, probably the 

 SemotiJus corporaJis, (known in Pennsylvania as the fall fish,) and of the 

 trout, {Salmo fonfinalis.) In his paper he states that the eggs of both 

 species were artificially fecundated and hatched, aud that the trout 

 attained some growth while confined in the ponds he had constructed. 



The trout was the fish selected iu the United States from the first as 

 the favorite for artificial culture. In 1853 Theodatus Garlick, M. D,, 

 and Prof. H. A. Ackley, of Cleveland, Ohio, incited., by their knowledge 

 of the interesting results of the fish-culturists iu France, began an exper- 

 iment with the brook-trout, { Salmo fontinalis,) in which they were quite 

 successful. In 1857 Dr. Garlick published a treatise on artificial propa- 

 gation of fishes, appearing first in a series of numbers of the Ohio Farmer, 

 aud afterward gathered into a volume. | 



* See the foot-uote referring to the chiiui of Gottlieb Boccius, to have preceded R6my 

 in the practice of artificial fecuudatiou, on page 477. 



t The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America, by John James Audubou, F. R. S., 

 and the Rev. John Bachmau, D. D. New York; Published by J, J, Audnbou, 1840, 4to, 



t See title at foot of page 536, 



