THE HISTORY OF FISH-CULTURE. 537 



French enabled him to gather in the vahiable points in the experience 

 of French culturists, which, in the true scientific si^irit, he imparted to 

 the pnblic. 



Doctor Slack invented a vessel for the transportation of fishes, which he 

 called the " Troutdale transit-tank." This is a can of galvanized sheet- 

 iron, holding ordinarily about twelve gallons, having a pan with a per- 

 forated bottom fitting into the top, to contain ice for the purpose of 

 reducing the temperature of the water. In the top of the pan is inserted 

 a high cover, having windows of perforated tin, surrounded by a belt or 

 cylinder of the sheet-metal, arranged with openings corresponding to 

 the windows, so that drawing the belt for a short distance around the 

 top closes them. On the outside an air force-pump is attached, with a 

 hose leading through the bottom of the tank to a rose that divides the 

 air into fine particles before it ascends through the water, thereby 

 aerating it in a most effective manner. This is a most invaluable ar- 

 rangement where fresh supplies of water are difficult to obtain. This 

 apparatus is described in his manual with an illustration, and its use 

 tendered to the public, no i)atent having been secured upon it. 



In 1866 Mr. Livingston Stone began the work of trout-culture at 

 Charlestown, N. H., making his efforts successful after a short experi- 

 ence, and in 1872 he published a manual* on the culture of the trout, 

 embodying the most detailed directions and the most complete compen- 

 dium of the methods resulting from experience in trout-culture that has 

 thus far appeared. 



The results of Mr. Stone's experience have been made very valuable 

 in his book, not so much by the devising of new methods and appara- 

 tus as by the scientific manner of his study of the questions and diffi- 

 culties that present themselves to all culturists. His accounts of the 

 ills and diseases that prevail with trout and eggs, whether the remedies 

 advocated are in all cases efficacious or not, are of great importance as 

 describing their causes and defining their symptoms and consequences, 

 the first step to a discovery of remedies. The knowledge of their 

 character, of course, affords in a great degree precision in experiment and 

 effort for their remedy and prevention. The tonic effect of fresh earth 

 placed in the troughs under certain circumstances is probably of effi- 

 cient value and has been indorsed by other culturists. 



The supposed discovery of parasitic animals in the confervoid growth 

 on injured fishes was probably the observation of certain reproductive 

 stages of the Achlya irroUfera. 



Mr. N". W. Clark, of Clarkston, Mich,, began a trout-establishment in 

 1867, and continued it a few years with success, until his time and 



* Domesticated Trout: bow to breed and grow tbem, by Livingston Stone, A. M,, 

 deputy United States fisb-commissioner, in-oprietor of Cold Spring Trout-Ponds, secre- 

 tary of American Fisb-Culturists' Association, and editor of fisb-culturists' department 

 in "New York Citizen." "Purpurisque salare stellatus tergora guttis."— Ausonius, 

 Idyl Tentb. " Make assurance doubly sure."— Macbetb, Act IV, Scene 1. Boston, James 

 R. Osgood & Co., 1872. 



