MILNER ON THE GRAYLING. 733 



tlie time of 3'ear.* The Sacramento salmon {Snhno quinnat ?) spawns from 

 July iiutil September and even October; tlie siscowet of Lake Superior 

 [Srdmo siscoicef) in Aiignst and September. This also seems to be the 

 season for the peculiar speci-'S (»S'. Kcnncrleyi) of the Pacific coast; the 

 *S'. oquassa, similar in habit to the chars of Europe, has a very well de- 

 fined season, between about October 10 and the middle of November. 

 The salmon-trout (<S'. namaycu,sh) also spawns in October, while the speckled 

 trout {8. fontinalis) begins about this time and extends its season in 

 some localities well into the winter. In November, the white-fish of the 

 great lakes spawns; and, in the latter i)art of the month and in Decem- 

 ber, the lake-herring {Argyrosomns dupeiformis) in tiie vicinity of San- 

 dusky, Ohio, on Lake Erie, was found to begin emission of spawn late 

 in November, and continne it into December. Tlie brook-trout of the 

 Pacific slope {8. irUJca) is said to begin spawning after Christmas ; the 

 8. umhia of Europe spawns in January and February ; a species, 8. scou- 

 leri, of the Pacific coast, is found far up the brooks in January, February, 

 and March ; the 8. hiwho and the ThymaUi spawn in March and April. 

 The species of the family not here referred to spawn contemporaneously 

 with some one of those mentioned. As the reduction of the water to a 

 certain condition of coolness seems to have relation to the spawning- 

 season of the larger portion of the species, rather than an increase of 

 temperature, it would seem to be more correct to speak of those spawn- 

 ing in late summer as the earlier spawners, and those in the spring as 

 the later spawners. 



The Thymallus tricolor^ though observed only during one season, evi- 

 dently spawns in the month of April. A letter from D. H. Fitzhugh, 

 of Bay City, who has been identified so much with the efforts to attain a 

 knowledge of the habits of the species, says that " April is undoubtedly 

 the spawning-season, as Fred Mather and I were there on the 1st of 

 April and found no ripe fish ; Seth Green and I reached there May 1, 

 and found all spawned out." 



The period between the deposition of the eggs and the hatching in 

 the English species, according to Frank Buckland, is fourteen days. 

 Heckel and Kner state that the eggs are deposited in March and April, 

 and the young fish appear in June; though this statement very likely 

 refers to the time when the young fish first attract attention. 



The only experience in grayling-hatching thus far in the United States 

 is that of a few eggs i)rocured by Seth Green from the bed of the xVusable 

 Eiver, and placed under the care of A. S. Collins, in the troughs at Cale- 

 donia Springs near Rochester, N. Y. t 



* TIjere is evidence ^vith relation to certain species of fislies tliatthe season is earlier 

 in a soutliern warmer latitude thau farther north. 



t Mr. Collins, in Forest and Stream, publishes notes of his experience as follows : 

 May 5, eggs arrived from Michigan; 8, first egg hatched; all eggs hatched out ; 12, 

 first fish began to rise and eat; 15, all swimming; the sac lasts about six days; the 

 eggs are nearly as large as trout-eggs, but of less specific gravity ; the fry resemble 

 the young of the white-fish, (Coregoti'is albiis.) 



