218 THE WHALEBONE WHALES OF THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC. 
dark gray, irregularly varied with white. The black of the sides extends further 
toward the median line of the throat on the left side than on the right. Breast 
white, irregularly varied with dark gray, the latter color growing less posteriorly. 
Pectorals entirely white on both sides. Flukes variegated above, the black pre- 
dominating; below white with some black flecks, the free border black. 
Female ; length, 14.25 m.—Back and sides black. Chin, from tip to the knot- 
like projection, black, a little variegated on the sides with small white flecks. Poste- 
rior to the projection, the throat and breast pure white, with a black median 
streak, broad in front and narrowing rapidly posteriorly and ending about on line 
of the manubrium sterni, with a few black flecks extending posteriorly. Some 
black spots on the white of the under jaw. All the remainder of the throat, the 
whole breast and a part of the belly and tail, white. From the axilla and shoulder 
the black extends backward and goes into the furrows, while the ridges ( Walle) 
remain white. The black shows itself in all the furrows back of the navel. The 
black of the sides extends downward with a convex border in front of the genital 
region, then recedes again opposite the latter, and finally stretches “a short distance 
along the ventral side of the tail.” The black does not reach the middle of the 
belly. The white posterior to the navel is overspread with black flecks, as if 
sprinkled from a brush. Pectorals white on both sides, with irregular black flecks 
only on the larger protuberances. Flukes white on both sides, with some black 
flecks only on the free border. White rings, produced by barnacles, on the snout, 
mandible, belly, pectorals and flukes, in both this and the preceding specimen. 
Female; length, 10.5 m—The whole ventral surface of the body without a 
trace of white flecks, but everywhere black. Pectorals black above, pure white 
below. Flukes black above, white below, with a variegated free border. 
Male ; length, 12.5 m.—Body black, slightly variegated in the furrows.  Pee- 
torals white on both sides. Flukes white below, variegated above and on the free 
margin. 
These and other reliable observations show (1) that the European Humpback 
is normally black on the head, back, sides, and around the caudal peduncle; (2) 
that the throat and chest, and the median line below, at least as far back as the 
anus, is varied to a greater or less extent with white spots, streaks, and larger areas ; 
(3) that the pectorals have the lower surface practically all white, but the upper 
surface yaried white and black, in some cases almost entirely black, in other cases 
the distal three fourths or nearly the whole surface white; (4) that the flukes are 
largely black above, more or less white below. 
Exactly the same style of coloration and the same variations were found in 
three Humpbacks which I examined at the Snook’s Arm Station, Newfoundland, in 
1899 (see pls. 87-89). These presented the following characteristics : 
No. &. Male. Aug. 9,1899. (Plate 37.) Upper jaw, back and sides, black. 
Part of the lower jaw, the throat, and chest to the line of the pectorals, with 
spots, rings, crescents, streaks, and larger areas of white, the two largest areas being 
just below the middle of the right side of the lower jaw, and in the median line 
between the pectorals. The streaks were chiefly in the furrows, while the rings 
and crescents were confined to the ridges and the jaw. These rings appeared to 
mark the location of barnacles. The margins of the ridges posteriorly were also 
spotted with white, but less distinctly than in front. From the genital orifice to 
the insertion of the flukes, the inferior median line was thickly covered with round 
