230 THE WHALEBONE WHALES OF THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIO, 
THE OAUDAL FIN, OR FLUKES. 
The caudal fin in the Newfoundland Humpbacks has a regular, thick, convex 
anterior margin, and a thin, sinuate posterior margin, with numerous small finger- 
like processes, with deep emarginations between them. The tips are recurved. In 
the feetuses of No, 21 and No, 6 the processes of the posterior margin were very 
humerous, prominent, and acuminate, producing a singular fringed appearance. It 
is evident that this appearance in the adult is not the result of injury, but a natural 
character. In the 80-foot specimen from Cape Cod, Mass.,in the National Museum, 
these processes are very numerous and conspicuous (pl. 40, fig. 2). They were also 
found in the adult Newfoundland specimens. 
The same shapes and processes are seen in Struthers’s figure of the flukes of the 
Tay River whale, in Sars’s Finmark specimen, and in Eschricht’s figure of a foetal 
Greenland Humpback. The tips of the flukes are commonly occupied by barnacles. 
OUTLINE OF THE CAUDAL PEDUNCOLE. 
That portion of the body between the anus and flukes (called “the small” by 
whalers), which corresponds to the tail in land mammals, has a straight superior 
margin, but the inferior margin is broken by depressions and elevations. 
In the Newfoundland female No. 21, the sexual orifice is surrounded by thick 
protuberant walls, causing a convexity in the inferior outline of the body. The 
orifice is preceded by a transverse groove, and terminates posteriorly in a hemi- 
spherical boss, behind which is a second transverse groove in which the anus is 
situated. Behind the anus is a rounded elevation, terminated by a third deep trans- 
verse groove and followed by a prominent compressed elevation or carina, The 
same arrangement of parts is found in female No. 6. (See pl. 39, fig. 3.) In male 
No. 5, the outline is similar. The penis is contained in a rounded elevation, and 
another keel-like, compressed elevation appears behind the anus. These elevations 
are also seen in a photograph in the National Museum representing a male Hump- 
back at Provincetown, Mass. (See pl. 40, fig. 1.) 
Exactly the same form is represented in Sars’s figure of a Finmark female as 
occurred in the Newfoundland females. 
EYE. 
Rawitz (74, 79) states that in the Humpbacks examined by him at Bear Id. 
the iris of the eye was dark brown, the pupil kidney-shaped, with the long axis fore 
and aft. 
WHALEBONE, 
The whalebone of the European Humpback is described by Van Beneden as 
black, with black bristles; but this is not correct. Sars (80, 11) describes it as 
“all, as well on the upper as the lower side, of uniform gray-black color, with some 
lighter fibres.” Struthers’s description is more detailed, as follows (87, 18): 
