CMS 



Figure i 1 : Norma verticalis (left) and norma lateralis (right) of the new 

 endocranial cast (SK 1585) of a hominid from Swartkrans. This is the 

 most perfectly preserved endocast yet found at any of the South African 

 sites that have yielded the robust australopithecine (Australopithecus 

 robustus); however, another hominid has been identified from the same 

 site, namely a member of the genus Homo (originally called Telan- 

 thropus). The photographs of the new endocast were generously sup- 

 plied by Dr. C. K. Brain, Director of the Transvaal Museum, and 

 discoverer of the specimen. 



450 to 550 cm. 3 " In his definition of Paranthropus (1962b, p. 138) he cited 

 "an endocranial volume of the order of 450 to 550 cm. 3 " as one of its 

 features. 



Thus, until very recently, no specimen provided clearcut evidence on 

 the cranial capacity of the South African robust form. On 17 January 1966, 

 C. K. Brain, in a new excavation at Swartkrans, found a superbly preserved 

 hominid endocranial cast, SK 1585 (1968a, 1969) (Figure 11). He has kindly 

 permitted me to quote his as yet unpublished estimate of its capacity, 

 namely 475 c.c. Holloway has made an independent study and reconstruc- 

 tion of the missing parts of the endocast, from which he finds a higher 

 value, namely 530 c.c. (the same value as that for the Olduvai specimen, 

 Old. Horn. 5). The difference between the 2 estimates is appreciable. Dr. 



23 & 



