hominoid cranial capacities has revealed certain peculiarities (Tobias 

 1968b) that may seriously affect the question of selecting one or another 

 taxon for analogy with A. africanus. 



THREE 



g THE CRANIAL CAPACITY 



S OF MODERN HOMINOIDS 



Means and ranges 



Tables 4 to 7 summarize virtually all the available data for living 

 hominoids. For each species, the sample size, the sample range, and the 

 sample mean are given. 



Gibbons and Siamangs. The values for the hylobatines (Table 4) are 

 those of Oppenheim (1912), Schultz (1933, 1944, 1965), and Kirchner 

 (1895). For the most part, samples for individual species and a single sex 

 are very small. The best hylobatine series are the Chiengmai populations 

 of Hylobates lar, of which Schultz (1944, 1965) obtained no fewer than 95 

 males and 86 females. Kirchner's series of H. concolor capacities, though 

 large (n = 63), is based on combined male and female data, as cited by 

 Selenka (1898) and Schultz (1933). Unfortunately, I did not have access to 

 the original 1895 doctoral thesis of Kirchner, from which Selenka and 

 Schultz quoted his data. Where combined sex data (or data for unsexed 

 material) for any one species are cited in the literature, I have included 

 these in the Table, for example, Schultz's (1933) data for 10 male + 

 female H. klossii, which would appear to be the only data available for 

 this species. However, the figures cited by Vallois (1954) for Hylobates 

 and for Symphalangia have not been included, as they comprise pooled 

 data not only for both sexes, but also for a number of species. 



For the siamang data in Table 4 I have pooled individual figures 

 given by Oppenheim (1912) with the data of Schultz (1933) to provide 

 modest samples of 23 male and 17 female capacities. The procedure of 

 pooling data, though sanctified by long usage, is of course liable to intro- 

 duce errors based on (a) possible geographical or racial differences in 

 mean capacity, and (b) differences in filling material and technique em- 



3* 3 2 



