The corrected adult value for the type specimen of H. habilis (684 c.c.) 

 is even more significantly in excess of the A. africanus mean than the earlier 

 computations showed. Furthermore, this value lies very much closer to the 

 smallest H. erect us value on record (750 c.c.) than to the largest A. africanus 

 capacity estimated (540 c.c): the differences are 66 c.c. and 144 c.c, 

 respectively! 



The cranial capacity of Olduvai Hominid 13 

 (paratype of H. habilis) 



In 1964, Dr. and Mrs. Leakey reported the discovery in October 1963 

 of many parts of a small skull at the site MNK II, Olduvai Gorge. The 

 fragments came from a level some 25 feet above the marker tuff, //, at the 

 base of Bed II. They comprised the vault associated with the greater part 

 of a mandible and parts of both maxillae, all the mandibular teeth and 

 some of the maxillary cheek teeth, The lower third molars were fully 

 erupted, but as yet unworn, and the upper third molars were just emerging 

 from the alveoli. A dental age intermediate between that of Old. Horn. 7 

 (the type specimen of H. habilis) and that of Old Horn. 5 (the type 

 specimen of A. boisei) is indicated, that is, late adolescence. The specimen 

 has been recorded as Old. Horn. 13, and it has been assigned as a paratype 

 of H. habilis (Leakey, Tobias, and Napier 1964). 



Aside from the preliminary description in 1964, the jaws and teeth 

 have been subjected to a preliminary study, and resemblances between 

 them and certain of the Javanese remains (Sangiran B mandible and the 

 maxilla of "Pithecanthropus IV") have been pointed out (Tobias and von 

 Koenigswald 1964). We stressed, however (ibid., p. 516), that these resem- 

 blances applied only to the teeth and jaws. We by no means intended to 

 convey the impression that the total creature, represented by Old. Horn. 13, 

 was close in morphology to H. erectus: to do so would have been premature 

 at that stage when we were still working on the reconstruction of the 

 cranium. In 1966 I clarified this point further, as follows: 



Whether the Bed II hominine as a whole parallels the Javanese H. erectus re- 

 mains to be seen when the rest of the cranium has been studied. Until such time, 

 Hominid 13 remains as a paratype of H. habilis, in accordance with the rules of 

 zoological nomenclature. No formal proposal has yet been made to remove it 

 from the para types of H. habilis. [Tobias 1966b, p. 579] 



Unfortunately, some workers have rather prematurely come to regard the 

 entire specimen Old. Horn. 13 as Homo erectus (e.g., Bielicki 1966; 



& 72 



