18 c.c. less than the juvenile estimate for the type specimen (657 c.c.) and 38 

 c.c. less than the "adult value" for the type. On Holloway's estimate of 485 

 c.c. for Sts 5, a value of 646.3 c.c. is obtained for Old. Horn. 13. 



Should we make an age correction for this specimen? Its dental age 

 places it between Old. Horn. 7 (type of H. habilis) and Old. Horn. 5 (type 

 of A. boisei). For the former we have already used a correction factor, the 

 value being adjudged to be 96 per cent of the total; for the latter we have 

 used no correction, the value probably being 100 per cent of the adult value. 

 Old. Horn. 13 would seem to have been a year or two younger than A. boisei; 

 it is probable that her present value would be about 98 per cent of the adult 

 value. In this event, her "adult value" should be elevated to 652 c.c. This is 

 158 c.c, or 3.81 S.D.s, above my mean (494 c.c.) for A. africanus, and 210 

 c.c, or 9.73 S.D.s, above Holloway's (1970) mean of 442 c.c. On Holloway's 

 estimate of 485 c.c for Sts 5, Old. Horn. 13 would have an "adult value" of 

 660 c.c. 



The cranial capacity of Olduvai Hominid 16 

 provisionally referred to H. habilis 



In 1964 Dr. and Mrs. Leakey reported the discovery in 1963 of con- 

 siderable parts of the cranial vault, as well as most of the teeth, of a young 

 adult, "in which the third upper and lower molars are just coming into 

 occlusion." This specimen "had been washed out by heavy rainfall at site 

 FLK II, Maiko Gully; it had, moreover, been afterwards trampled on and 

 very badly broken up by herds of Masai cattle before it was discovered by 

 one of our senior African staff" (Leakey and Leakey 1964, p. 6). It was a 

 reasonable inference that it was derived from deposits 3 to 4 feet above the 

 marker tuff, //, at the base of Bed II, an inference since confirmed by the 

 finding in situ of several teeth of the same specimen (M. D. Leakey, personal 

 communication). 



The specimen became Old. Horn. 16 in the official list of Olduvai homi- 

 nids. Leakey, Tobias, and Napier (1964) did not include this specimen 

 among the official list of paratypes of H. habilis; rather, it was provisionally 

 referred to H. habilis. Since then a diversity of views has been expressed on 

 this specimen by Tobias (1965b), Howell (1965), and Leakey (1966); but the 

 full description has not yet been made. Meantime, between August 1968 and 

 January 1969, 5 more teeth of the same individual were recovered, some in 

 situ, thus virtually completing the entire set. 



The new third molar is particularly instructive: it shows that not only 



75 ^ 



