number of hominoid and cercopithecoid crania up to the same level and 

 determined the ratio between the total volume for each specimen and this 

 part-volume (1898, 1921). The following is a list of his ratios (total/partial 

 volumes): 



Gorilla male 1.61:1 Macaca irns male 1.60:1 



Pan troglodytes female 1 43 :1 Man ("Dutch 1") 1.42:1 



Pongo pygmaeus female 1.58:1 Man ("Dutch 2") 143:1 



Hylobates agilis male 1.56:1 Man ("Dutch 3") 1.40:1 



Symplialarigus male 2.06:1 Man (Javanese) 1 .35 : 1 



Presbytis entellus male 1.61:1 Man (mean of 4 readings) 1.40:1 



Dubois thus demonstrated that modern man differed substantially from 

 cercopithecoids and pongids in the relative degrees of development of the 

 upper and the lower parts of the calvaria. In modern man a larger propor- 

 tion of the endocranial capacity lies above the plane of the maximum endo- 

 cranial length. Because of the platycephaly of the Trinil calvaria, Dubois 

 chose to compute the total volume by using the cercopithecoid and pongid 

 ratios rather than the modern human ratio. Thus, influenced strongly by 

 the gibbonoid aspect of the Trinil specimen's outline, he obtained a value 

 of about goo c.c, which he adhered to in his later discussions of the speci- 

 men (e.g., Dubois 1921, 1922, 1933). Weinert's (1928) estimate was 935 c.c. 

 It is not quite clear whether Weidenreich (1943) accepted 935 c.c, which 

 he quotes in the table on his p. 108, or 900 ex., to which he refers in his 

 text on pages 114 and 116, as discussed by Tobias (1965c, p. 382). Sartono 

 (1968) employs Weinert's figure of 935 c.c. in his comparisons with "Pithe- 

 canthropus VII." 



New estimate of cranial capacity of Homo erectus I. With later dis- 

 coveries of more complete crania of H. erectus the opportunity presented it- 

 self to reassess the value for the Trinil cranium— for the astonishing fact 

 must be recorded that most writers have gone on repeating Dubois's original 

 (1898) estimate of 900 c.c, apparently without ever realizing that it had been 

 based on comparison with a gibbon! 



Accordingly, on 17 August 1966, with the kind help of Dr. J. T. Wiebes, 

 Deputy Director of the Rijksmuseum voor Natuurlijke Historic Leiden, I 

 redetermined the part-capacity of the original Trinil specimen. Slight defects 

 in the margin of the calotte at about the level of the maximum endocranial 



83 l< 



