national Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Tobias 1967b, 1969a). While 

 Weidenreich's view would have been that Ngandong man ought to be 

 classified as P. soloensis— or, by modern views, H. erectus soloensis— it is 

 possible to agree with Boule and Vallois that "Ngandong man has moved 

 sufficiently far away from Pithecanthropus to be regarded as a different 

 type"; they believed then that he might be placed "in the great species of 

 Homo neanderthalensis, of which he represents simply a special race" (Boule 

 and Vallois 1957, p. 401). Since then, however, most students have ceased to 

 regard Neandertal man as a separate species; he is commonly classified to- 

 day as a subspecies of H. sapiens. Similarly, Campbell (1962, 1963) places 

 Ngandong man in H. sapiens soloensis. Since there is certainly no agree- 

 ment with Ashton (1950) that the Ngandong crania belong to H. erectus, I 

 have excluded them from my H. erectus list (1967a). 



Homo erectus from China 



We have reliable capacity estimates for 6 Chinese crania of H. erectus, 

 5 from Choukoutien and 1 from Lantian (Table 13). 



Homo erectus of Choukoutien. The 5 most reliable determinations 

 for crania of//, erectus pekinensis (Figure 29) 11 10 3° cc - 



would seem to be the following (Weidenreich 

 1943): 



The mean for these 5 specimens is 1043 c.c, and the standard deviation, 

 calculated from the range by the method for small samples, is very high, 

 namely 133 c.c— for the extreme range is large and the sample size small. 

 It is a great pity that a new precise determination could not be attempted 

 on the very large cranium with a capacity of 1225 c.c. The S.D. of 133 c.c. 

 gives an estimated population range of 644 to 1442 c.c. on the basis of the 

 sample mean plus and minus 3 S.D.s. 



Homo erectus of Lantian, Shensi. This specimen was found in China 

 in 1963. Its capacity was determined by Woo (1965), who used the biparietal 

 endocast method proposed by me and yielded estimates for total capacity of 

 775 to 783 c.c An estimate arrived at by the use of Pearson's formula was 

 778 c.c. Thus, Woo accepts the figure of 780 c.c. for the cranium. This 



91 ^ 



