Pakkenberg, H., 107, 160 



Pan troglodytes, 33, 36-37, 40, 42, 44- 



48, 52-53. 56, 7°-7!. 8 3> 109-11, 

 118-19, isoff., 127; paniscus, 33, 

 36-37, 42 



Paranthropus, see Australopithecus 

 robustus and A. boisei; P. crassidens, 

 see Swartkrans 



Parietal bones, 61 ff., 135 



Pearl, R., 107, 160 



Pearson, K., 91 



Pfister, H., 26, 160 



Phocaena communis, 106-7 



Pliyseter catodon, 106-7 



Pilbeam, D. R., 65, 81, 133, 146, 160 



Pineau, H., 96, 160 



Pithecanthropus, see Homo erectus; 

 P. modjokertensis, 87-88; P. robus- 

 tus, 87 



Plesianthropus, see Sterkfontein 



Pliocene hominoids, 114, 133, 144-46 



Pongidae, endocranial capacity, 32- 

 59; growth of brain, 69-71: relative 

 brain size, 106-7; "excess neurons" 

 in, 108-11; implemental activities, 

 116-24, 137 



Pongo pygmaeus, 37-38, 40, 43-46, 



48. 54-57. 70-71. 83 

 Porpoise, see Phocaena communis 



Prehensile hand, 125-26 



Presbytis entellus, 83 



Prc-Zinjanthropus, see Homo habilis 



Primates, cultural capacity of, 116- 

 24; cultural, 119-20, 127; instinc- 

 tual, 120 



Radinsky, L., 4, 107, 160 



Ramapithecus, 114, 133 



Randall, F. E., 37, 39-41, 43, 46, 160 



Relative brain size, 106-8, 125 



Rensch, B., 139, 160 



Rhinoceros, 106 



Ritual, dawn of, 138 



Robinson, J. T., 12, 16-22, 27-31, 48, 



59, 62, 67, 71, 73, 81, 125, 131, 134- 



36, 154, 160-61 

 Roe, A., 27, 41, 43. 48, 50, 57-59, 88, 



162 

 Romanes, G. J., 117 

 Rudolph, O., 10-11, 161 



Sacchetti, A., 95, 161 



Saimiri sciurea, 106, 107 



Sangiran, 72, 84 ff., 90, 135; and see 

 Homo erectus 



Sartono, S., 83, 87-90, 161 



Scavenging, 138, 146; and see Food- 

 gathering; Hunting 



Schaller, G. B., 118, 161 



Schepers, G. W. H., 12-13, 15-17, 154. 

 161 



Schreider, E., 108, 161 



Schultz, A. H., 32-35, 37-43, 45-4 6 . 

 48-53, 56, 70-71, 88, 161 



Schwalbe, G., 66, 161 



Selection: natural, 146-48; cultural, 

 147; sexual, see under cultural 



Selective pressures, see under Brain 

 size 



Selenka, E., 32-40, 42-43, 46, 56, 58, 

 69-70, 161-62 



Shapiro, H. L., v 



Shariff, G. A., 104, 112, 162 



Shirek, J., 142, 164 



Sholl, D. A., 112, 162 



Shoshonean Indians, 139 



Siamang, see under Capacity, endo- 

 cranial; Symphalangia 



Simon, E., vii, 162 



Simonetta, A., 136, 162 



Simons, E. L., 65, 133, 146, 160 



Simpson, G. G., 27, 41, 43, 48, 57-59, 

 88, 162 



Sinanthropus, see H. erectus pekinen- 

 sis 



Sinuses, venous, 8, 105 



Sitting upright, 125 



Siwe, S. A., 11, 162 



169 K 



