ov” U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
run, and Smith River has a spring run alone. Rogue River in 
Oregon has both a spring and a fall run, and the Umpqua and several 
other coast streams of Oregon have small early runs. 
The Columbia River has three runs, the first entering during 
January, February, and March, and spawning mainly in the Clack- 
amas and neighboring streams. The second, which is the best run, 
enters during May, June, and part of July, spawning mainly in the 
headwaters. The third run occurs during late July, August, Sep- 
tember, and part of October, and spawns in the tributaries of the 
lower Columbia. 
In Puget Sound chinook salmon are found throughout the year, 
although it is only during the spawning season that they are very 
abundant. In the Fraser River, a tributary of the Sound, the run 
occurs from March to August. 
In the Skeena River, British Columbia, the run occurs from May 
to July, the same being approximately true of the Nass also. 
In southeast Alaska they are found all months of the year. From 
March to the middle of June they are abundant and feeding in the 
numerous straits and sounds; in May and June the spawning fish 
enter the Unuk, Stikine, Taku, Chilkat, Alsek, and Copper Rivers 
in large numbers, and in a few smaller streams in lesser abundance. 
In August, September, and October they are again to be found in 
large numbers feeding in the bays and sounds, while during the 
winter months a few have been taken on trawls set for halibut, 
showing that they are living in the lower depths at this time. 
In Cook Inlet the run occurs during May and June and is com- 
posed wholly of red-meated fish; in the rivers of Bristol Bay the run 
comes in June and July, principally in the first-named month, and 
the same is true of the Togiak, Kuskokwim, and Yukon Rivers, the 
late appearance of the fish in the upper courses of the Yukon being 
due to the immense distance the fish hare to cover. 
SOCKEYE, BLUEBACK, OR RED SALMON. 
The red or blueback salmon (OQ. nerka), which forms the greatest 
part of the canned salmon of the world, when it first comes in 
from the sea is a clear bright blue above in color, silvery below. Soon 
after entering the river for the purpose of spawning the color of the 
head changes to a rich olive, the Be and sides to crimson, and finally 
to a dark blood red, and the belly to a dirty white. The maximum 
weight is about 12 pounds, and length 3 feet, with the average weight 
about 5 pounds, varying greatly, however, in different localities. 
Observations of Chamberlain? in Alaska show that the average 
weight of a number of sockeyes taken from Yes Bay was 8.294 pounds, 
while the average weight of a number from Tamgas was only 3.934 
pounds. Evermann and Goldsborough ® report as a result of the 
weighings of 1,390 red salmon, taken from as many different places 
in Alaska as possible, an average weight for the males of 7.43 pounds; 
for the females, 5.78 pounds; or an average weight for both sexes of 
6.57 pounds. A run of small, or dwarf, males accompanies certain 
of the main runs, being especially noticeable in the Chignik Lagoon 
a Some Observations on Salmonand Trout in Alaska. By F.M.Chamberlain,naturalist,U.S. Fisheries 
steamer Albatross. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 627, p. 80. Washington, 1907. 
>The Fishes of Alaska. By B. W. Evermann and E. L. Goldsborough. Bulletin, U.S. Bureau of 
Fisheries, 1906, Vol. XXVI, p. 257. Washington, 1907. 
