PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES. 9 
(Alaska) run. This species usually enters streams with accessible 
lakes in their courses. 
These fish are occasionally found landlocked in certain lakes, 
especially in the State of Washington, and are always much smaller 
in size than the sea-run fish. In Bumping Lake, near North Yakima, 
Wash., they are quite abundant and are mature when about a pound 
in weight. Despite the fact that these fish have a soft mouth, anglers 
consider them very gamey. They take bait, the fly, and the trolling 
spoon. Large numbers are hatched and distributed by the Washing- 
ton Fish and Game Commission under the name of “silver trout.” 
A few specimens of the sockeye have been taken as far south as 
the Sacramento River. In Humboldt County, Calif., small runs are 
said to occur in Mad and Eel Rivers, while 20 sockeyes are reported 
as having been taken in the Klamath River in the autumn of 1915. 
Only an occasional specimen appears in the coastal streams of Oregon. 
The Columbia is the most southern river in which this species is 
known to run in any considerable numbers, entering the river with 
the spring run of chinooks. From here south the species is called 
blueback exclusively. A considerable run enters the Guinot River, 
Wash., and there is also a small run in Ozette Lake, just south of 
Cape Flattery. 
In the Puget Sound region, where it is known as the sockeye, 
this species ascends only the Skagit River in commercial numbers, 
although a small run appears in the Lake Washington system of 
a and, possibly, in the Snohomish, Stillaguamish, and Nooksack 
ivers. 
At one time the greatest of all the sockeye streams was the Fraser 
River, British Columbia, a stream famous from very early days for 
its enormous runs of this species, a peculiar feature of which is that 
there is a marked quadrennial periodicity in the run. The maximum 
run occurs the year following leap year, the minimum on the year 
following that. The greater part of the catch of the Puget Sound 
fishermen is made from this run as it is passing through Washington 
waters on its way to the Fraser. The fish strike in during July and 
August on the southwest coast of Vancouver Island, apparently coming 
from the open sea to the northwest. They pass through the Straits 
of Juan de Fuca, Rosario, and Georgia, spending considerable time 
in the passage and about the mouth of the river. Small numbers 
run as early as May and as late as October, but the main body enters 
about the first week in August. 
The sockeye occurs in most of the coastal streams of British 
Columbia, and is usually the most abundant species. The principal 
streams frequented are the Skeena, Rivers Inlet, Nass, Lowe Inlet, 
Dean Channel, Namu Harbor, Bella Coola, Smith Inlet, Alert Bay, 
and Alberni Canal. 
In Alaska, where this fish is generally known as the red salmon, 
it is abundant and runs in great numbers in all suitable streams, 
of which the following are the most important: In southeast Alaska, 
Boca de Quadra, Naha, Yes Bay, Thorne Bay, Karta Bay, Nowiskay, 
Peter Johnson, Hessa, Hetta, Hunter Bay, Klawak, Redfish Bay, 
Stikine, Taku, Chilkoot, Chilkat, Alsek, Situk, Ankow, etc.; in 
central Alaska, Copper, Knik, Kenai, Susitna, Afognak, Karluk, 
Alitak, Chignik; matt th the Bristol Bay region, the Ugashik, Ugaguk, 
Naknek, Kvichak, Nushagak, and Wood. It is also supposed to 
