PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES. 23 
their especially red-colored flesh, make their appearance early in 
December, when the Indians generally catch them for their own use, 
as they fear that, if the whites got hold of the fish, they might throw 
away the hearts. Should a heart be eaten at this time by a dog or 
chicken, the Indians believe the run would not come. In January, 
when the fish begin to be abundant, all danger of this seems to have 
passed, for the Indians then usually have a considerable number for 
sale, and these are generally shipped to distant markets in a fresh 
condition by the buyers. As soon as the canneries open at Moclips 
most of the fish are disposed of at that place. The run continues up 
to July 1. May and June are the best fishing months. 
There is a fall run of chinooks in this river, which usually arrives 
in August and ends about October 15. 
The silver salmon appear about October 1 and the run is generally 
over by November 15; the dog salmon appear about November 1 
and the run is usually over by the middle of the same month, while 
the steelhead trout run between November 20 and May 1. None of 
the latter are canned. 
Moclips, the terminus of the railroad, is about 10 miles from the 
river, and the fish are all taken by team to this place. Twenty fish, 
weighing approximately 100 pounds, are put in each box, and these 
are piled onto the wagons until a load has been accumulated. The 
team owners get 50 cents a box for hauling the loaded ones to Moclips 
and 5 cents a box for bringing the empty ones back. 
In 1915 the records of the Indian agent show that the Indians 
fishing on the north side of the river caught 219,654 Quinault salmon, 
valued at $49,820, while those on the south side caught 135,353 
of these fish, valued at $30,528.60, or a grand total of 355,007 fish, 
valued at $80,348.60. This does not take into account the results 
of the fishing for the other species of salmon and steelhead trout, 
which quite materially swell the total. 
Fishing is restricted to the Indians, who also make their own 
fishery laws, with the advice and approval of the Office of Indian 
Affairs, as the State laws have no force inside the bounds of the reser- 
vation. Under the regulations now in force, a clear channel of one- 
third the width must be left in the middle of the stream, which is 
from 250 to 300 yards in width. Each owner of a fishing location 
has to fish it in person; provided, however, that widows, orphans, 
minor children, old Indians, and those who are sick or have gainful 
occupations other than fishing, are allowed to lease their locations or 
hire some one to fish them, and then only with the approval of the 
officer in charge. 
During the Quinault season stake nets are used, while the rest of 
the time, as a result of the freshets, drift gill nets are used in the 
eddies. The stake nets are arranged in a rather peculiar manner. 
A line of stakes is run out for about one-third the width at right 
angles to the shore, and to these are attached a net by short ropes. 
From each stake a section of net is run out and downstream, cury- 
ing inward like a hook at the end, the latter part being held in place 
by three stakes. 
The stake nets are 40 to 60 meshes deep, with 54-inch stretch mesh, 
and are set 85 yards apart. A set of these as described above forms 
one fishing location. 
