34 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
although sadly hampered because of being compelled to depend 
wholly on vessel communication with San Francisco, many miles 
away. In the early years the salmon were pickled and shipped to 
San Francisco. Strong, Baldwin & Co. started in the business as 
early as 1859. In 1877 R. D. Hume, who had been canning salmon 
on the Columbia River, removed to the Rogue River, and established 
near the mouth a cannery which he operated every season (except 
1894, when the cannery burned down) until his death in November, 
1908, after which date it was operated by his heirs. Mr. Hume also 
operated a large cold-storage plant at Wedderburn for several years. 
The development of the fisheries of the lower Rogue River was 
very much hampered by the monopoly which Mr. Hume acquired 
and maintained until his death. He bought both shores of the river 
for 12 miles from its mouth, and also owned an unbroken frontage on 
the ocean shore extending 7 miles north from the mouth of the river. 
As a result of this, independent fishermen could find no convenient 
places for landing, which was necessary in order to cure, handle, and 
ship the fish caught. Since Mr. Hume’s death the property has been 
sold to the Macleay estate, but the people of Oregon, upon an initia- 
tive and referendum petition, voted in 1910 to close Rogue River to 
all commercial fishing, and it was so closed in 1911 and 1912 but re- 
opened in 1913. A second cannery was built here in 1915 by the 
Seaborg Canning Co. 
In the upper river ranchers living along the banks have engaged in 
fishing for a number of years, the catch for the most part being sold 
fresh. In recent years, as the country has developed, this fishery has 
become fairly important. 
Chetco and Windchuck Rivers—These two unimportant streams 
empty into the Pacific in the lower part of Curry County, not far 
from the California line. The former is about 20 miles and the latter 
about 25 miles in length. Both have runs of salmon, and small fish- 
eries have been maintained for some years, the catch being either 
pickled or sold to the California canneries. 
CALIFORNIA. 
Smith River.—This river, which is the most northerly one in the 
State, rises near the Siskiyou Mountains, and runs in a westerly 
direction to the Pacific Ocean. 
The river has only a spring run of salmon, and the early recorded 
history of the fisheries is fragmentary. The pickling of salmon was 
the main business at first and has been important ever since, as the 
cannery, which was first established in 1878, operated irregularly, 
and seems to have shut down entirely in 1895. Canning began again 
in 1914 by H. E. Westbrook and has been prosecuted each year 
since. 
Klamath Riwer.—This is the most important river in California 
north of the Sacramento. It issues from the Lower Klamath Lake 
in Klamath County, Oreg., and runs southwesterly across Siskiyou 
County, passes through the southeastern section of Del Norte County, 
keeping its southerly course into Humboldt County, where it forms 
a junction with the Trinity River, and thence its course is directed 
to the northwest until it reaches the Pacific Ocean. 
The Klamath River is important as a salmon stream because it has 
both a spring and fall run of salmon. In 1888 a cannery was estab- 
