59 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
Tn accordance with an act of Congress approved March 3, 1891, the 
President, by proclamation of December 24, 1892, set aside the whole 
island and within 1 mile from the shores thereof as a fish-cultural 
reserve for the use of the United States Commission of Fish and Fish- 
eries. Asa result of this action both canneries were forced to move 
from the island entirely. 
KODIAK ISLAND. 
This island has been the scene of some of the best fishing in Alaska. 
The Russians early settled here, one of the most fertile spots in the 
usually sterile soil of Alaska, and undoubtedly they must have 
prosecuted the fisheries from an early date, although but little data 
are extant showing their operations in this line. 
Karluk River and Lagoon.—One of the greatest salmon streams in 
the world is the Karluk River, and although its importance is much 
diminished now through long continued and heavy fishing, it still 
produces annually a large pack of canned-salmon, and has the dis- 
tinction of having produced more salmon than any other river in 
Alaska. 
It will doubtless surprise most readers to hear that the river 
which has yielded so many countless thousands of salmon is only 
164 miles in length. It has its source in two lakes, the larger of 
which is about 8, the smaller, 3 miles long. The mouth of the river 
is about 2 miles above the canneries, and spreads out here into a 
lagoon. This lagoon has at the head a width of about 300 yards, and 
gradually widens until it is nearly half a mile across as it approaches 
the spit. The lagoon has a general east and west direction, is about 
2 miles in length, and, except for the shingle spit which is thrown 
across its mouth by the action of the sea, its shores are bluff, rising 
from about 50 to 100 feet. The spit is three-fourths of a mile long 
with an average width of about 200 feet. The outlet of the lagoon 
is only 90 feet wide at its mouth. The western side of the mouth of 
the pecae is Karluk Head, a precipitous mountain mass about 1,600 
feet high. 
Thi oute: side of the spit is where the fishing is carried on. Haul 
seines are used exclusively. As bowlders used to be common here 
it was necessary to remove a number of them in the early days when 
a seine shore was to be prepared. The red salmon run here is an 
exceptionally long one, the season extending from about the middle 
of June to about the middle of September. The other species of 
salmon also run here; sometimes humpbacks appear in large numbers. 
As the beach is open to Shelikof Strait, in which storms are frequent, . 
seining is often interrupted. 
As early as 1867 the salting of salmon was carried on at Karluk. 
In 1870 the Alaska Fur Trading Co. and the Alaska Commercial 
Co. began to salt salmon and continued this on a gradually expanding 
scale. 
In 1882 Smith & Hirsch, who had been engaged in salting on 
Karluk Spit, built the first cannery on Kodiak Island. After opera- 
ting it until 1884 it was organized under the title of the Karluk 
Packing Co., and packed under that name every year until 1911, 
when canning operations were transferred to the new cannery in 
Larsen Bay. In 1893 it joined the Alaska Packers Association. 
