PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES. 245 
In 1916 a subsidiary station was built by the Dominion on Cultus 
Lake to accommodate the surplus eggs which could not be handled 
in the Harrison and Pemberton hatcheries. 
In 1913, the year of the quadriennially big run of sockeye salmon 
on the Fraser River, the contractors who were building the new 
Canadian Northern Railway, in blasting their way along the banks 
of the river, threw the rock and other débris into the stream until 
in the narrow part of the canyon south of North Bend at Whites 
Creek, Hells Gate, China Bar, and Scuzzy Rapids, all within a few 
miles of each other, the débris formed great sloping banks extending 
out into the stream at these points, and entirely changed the direction 
of the currents, and, of course, the velocity of the water. At best the 
salmon had a hard time getting through there, but the added obstruc- 
tions rendered it practically impossible. 
At a rather late hour the authorities woke up to the menace this 
work was to the run of salmon, and the dumping of débris into the 
river in such a manner as to obstruct their ascent was stopped. 
How to clear the stream once more was now the problem, and this 
was seriously complicated by a slide of rock which took place in 
Hells Gate in February, 1914, which narrowed the channel of the 
stream considerably. 
In March, 1914, the Dominion Marine and Fisheries Department 
contracted with a private concern to remove the obstructions, and 
this was done from Scuzzy Rapids, China Bar, and Whites Creek 
within a short period of time, but a couple of seasons’ work were 
required to clear up Hells Gate so as to permit of passage for the fish. 
Some people claim that the fish still find it difficult to pass these 
obstructions. 
Rivers Inlet—A hatchery was established by the Dominion on 
McTavish Creek, one of the tributaries of Oweekayno Lake, about 
20 miles up Rivers Inlet, in 1905, and has been operated ever since. 
Skeena River.—In 1902 the Dominion established a hatchery on 
Lakelse Lake, in the Skeena River Basin, about 65 miles up the 
river from Port Essington. In 1919 a modern hatchery was com- 
menced to replace the old one that was put out of commission by 
floods in 1917. In 1907 another was constructed on Babine Lake, 
the source of the Skeena River. 
Vancouver Island.—In 1902 S. A. Spencer, of the Alert Bay cannery 
(now belonging to the British Columbia Packers’ Association), in 
return for certain special fishery privileges granted by the Dominion, 
established a hatchery on the Nimpkish River, which is located on 
the northeast shore of Vancouver Island. The hatchery was burned 
down in 1903, but was immediately rebuilt. Since its establishment 
it has been operated by the Dominion. 
In 1910 the Dominion put three new hatcheries into operation, 
all on Vancouver Island. They were located on Anderson Lake, 
Kennedy Lake, and Cowichan Lake, respectively. The two former 
are used for sockeyes and the latter for king and coho salmon and 
steelhead and other varieties of trout. 
In 1915-16 the Draney Fisheries (Ltd.), operated a hatchery on 
a lake near by and hatched out 560,000 fry from eggs obtained from 
Rivers Inlet. 
