250 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
otherwise be entitled under this act unless the efficiency of said hatchery has first 
been approved by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor in the manner herein pro- 
vided for. 
Of recent years so much objection has been raised to the system 
of hatchery rebates that the matter of the Federal Government 
taking over all private hatcheries in Alaska, at a fair valuation, and 
operating same, is being favorably considered. 
In 1901 the Pacific Steam Whaling Co. established two small 
hatcheries—one on Nagel Stream, which enters the northern side of 
Quadra Lake, on the mainland of southeast Alaska, and one on a 
stream entering Freshwater Lake Bay, Chatham Strait. Both were 
closed down in 1904 when the company failed. In 1908 the North- 
western Fisheries Co., which had acquired the Quadra plant, removed 
it to a small stream entering the head of the lake and has operated 
it ever since. 
In 1901 the Alaska Packers Association erected a hatchery on 
Heckman Lake, the third of a series of lakes on Naha Stream, Revilla- 
gigedo Island, and about 8 miles from Loring, where the association 
has a cannery. This, known as Fortmann hatchery, is without ques- 
tion the largest and costliest salmon hatchery in the world, having a 
capacity of 110,000,000 eggs, and the association is entitled to great 
credit for the public spirit it has shown and the work it has done, 
entirely without remuneration until 1906, in building and operating 
not only this hatchery but also the one at Karluk. 
The Union Packing Co., at Kell Bay, on Kuiu Island, and F. C. 
Barnes, at Lake Bay, on Prince’of Wales Island, in 1902 built and 
operated small hatcheries, both of which were abandoned after one 
season’s work. 
Up to 1905 the work of hatching salmon in Alaska was confined to 
the salmon cannery men. In that year, however, the United States 
Bureau of Fisheries erected a hatchery on Yes Lake, which empties 
through a short stream into Yes Bay, on Cleveland Peninsula. In 
1907 the Bureau constructed another hatchery, on Afognak Lake, 
near Litnik Bay, Afognak Island. 
The eruption of Katmai volcano, on the Alaska Peninsula, June 
6, 1912, covered the island of Afognak with volcanic ash and sand to 
an average depth of 9 inches. It is estimated that 20,000 salmon 
erished at the head of Litnik Lake, while thousands were driven 
ack into the ocean. As a result of these conditions the work at the 
Afognak station was much hampered and curtailed. Even as late 
as 1915 work at this station was still being hampered by the volcanic 
ash and sand which fell in 1912. 
In 1913 collecting stations were established at Eagle Harbor and 
Uganak Lake, on Kodiak Island. In 1915 another was established 
at Seal Bay, on Afognak Island. 
In 1913 a collecting station was established on Ketchikan Creek, 
but, owing to the objections of the citizens of the town against the 
taking away of the eggs, the station was abandoned in 1915. 
