PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES. 261 
complete two-line plant of American can-packing machinery was 
installed. 
In 1912 Mr. Denbigh built another cannery 14 miles away from the 
above plant. This Soar was first operated with German and Nor- 
wegian sanitary machinery, but in 1914 a two-line American sanitary 
can-packing plant was installed, the can-making plant at the first 
plant making all the cans needed at the two canneries. 
In 1915 a number of additions were made to both plants in the line 
of flat fillers, ete., while still more were in contemplation for 1916. 
Mr. Denbigh also operates a hand cannery at Kompakova, on the 
west side of the Kamchatka Peninsula. 
Up to 1912 very few canneries, and these very primitive affairs, 
had been built by the Japanese, owing to the uncertainty of tenure 
referred to previously. The “canneries”? were mere sheds or shel- 
ters where de cans—which were brought from Japan, made or half 
made—were filled, closed, and cooked, furnace-heated, vertical retorts 
being used for the latter purpose. If the owner lost his concession 
at the end of the fishing season he simply took his retorts away with 
him and the buildings were left to his successor. 
In 1912 a Tokyo company (Ichigumi & Co.) put up two canneries 
near the Ozernaya River in Kamchatka, while a Japanese from 
Niigata, Japan, also put up a small plant in the same vicinity. Both 
plants were cheaply built and operated with hand-power machinery 
and small vertical retorts. That year the two companies together 
packed about 13,500 cases of salmon. 
The same season Ichigumi & Co. put up another hand-power can- 
nery, and Tsutsumi & Co., of Hakodate, Japan, built two others of 
the same type near the Kamchatka River, on the east coast. 
In 1913 Tsutsumi & Co. built a modern cannery at Ozernaya and 
installed a complete line of American sanitary can-making and can- 
packing machinery. 
The same year Ichigumi & Co. put up two hand-power canneries 
near the Kamchatka cheats having succeeded to the concessions for- 
merly held here by Tsutsumi & Co. In 1914 they built a modern 
plant and installed a complete line of American sanitary can-making 
and can-packing machinery. 
The St. Petersburg firm of S. Grooshetsky & Co., which has been 
engaged for a number of years in the freezing of salmon and in the 
prepariuon of salmon caviar, under the name of the Pacific Ocean 
ea Industry Association, erected a cannery near Ozernaya in 1914, 
and installed in it a full line of American sanitary can-making and 
can-packing machinery. This plant will compare favorably with 
most of our Alaska canneries. The buildings are of iron. 
In 1915 a number of extensive improvements in the way of new 
buildings, machinery, etc., were made to the various plants, and 
during the winter of 1915-16 several of the canning firms had repre- 
sentatives in this country selecting much additional machinery for 
use during the 1916 season. During the latter season Tsutsumi & Co. 
erected a large new plant at Kiseka and a one-line plant above Kiseka. 
This company also operates a can-making plant at Hakodate, 
equipped with American Can Co. machinery and with a capacity of 
800,000 cans per day. Owing to the heavy demand, caused by the 
war, a number of small hand-pack canneries also operated. 
