PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES. 267 
of crab meat, the canning of salmon fee in most cases a side issue. 
A few of the plants have been equipped with machinery, but the 
large majority are hand-pack plants, employing but a few persons. 
Most of these plants pack what is called ‘‘white trout,” which is 
really the humpback or masu salmon. In 1912 there were in Hok- 
ushu and adjacent islands 21 canneries which packed 730 cases (48 
one-pound flat cans each) of red (O. nerka) and 72,770 cases (48 
one-pound cans each) of “white trout,” a total of 73,500 cases. 
On the Japanese portion of Sakhalin Island 4 canneries packed 
10,120 cases (48 one-pound cans each) of ‘‘white trout” in 1912. 
The pack of canned salmon in Japanese territory in recent years 
has been as follows: 
Hokkaido | Karafuto 
Year. and (Japanese Total. 
Kurils. Sakhalin), 
Cases. Cases Cases 
D1 ee ey ere Pine ete 8 ee 58 00 Sh oa cok ag cacsesgsemonpheeseees 73,500 10,1 83, 620 
TT Cee eet ee one ae nie ah Ae cianlnin’te nein ccs cee et rete e sttinmeess BO O00 see e ei ios 46, 000 
Re ae nee PR at 28 oe de bees ee amin ae ocat cemiss set omedecders's 50, 450 15,000 65, 450 
SSN pe Be reece eater cate re nat acayeisiale wicieiniSiciat-e =a aid aiaaie oie oo 55,000 15, 000 70,000 
LST ee St Oe Se oe a ee ie wiciate wtedia anata clus Sictne a crere'sicieisoe 37, 800 1,8 39, 600 
TH? is ae Rec RE Renn cn: dase oe eo soo 39, 545 16, 607 56, 152 
IPLIE DS 2 id eh 3 SES be BE ED A a So ee ee en 21, 490 5, 26, 490 
Repd Orde ees ee © Ch enue cic ce slatojoidacle a's said = aiwi- Selaaes eee anu elcchine ccitame 50, 500 18,000 @ 68, 500 
@ Composed of 2,500 cases of 1-pound flat red salmon and 66,000 cases of 1-pound flat chum salmon. 
The following table shows the quantities and value of salmon and 
trout taken by the Japanese fishermen in certain years: 
Salmon. Trout 
Year, 
Pounds Yen. Pounds. Yen 
ND eee oe ee eA. ee cn waco ecto Ns 5, 722, 475 454, 662 923, 025 121, 499 
TEs cose aE SES RE Gane me 9, 286, 267 892,879 | 4,500,008 332, 316 
Rez ee a Ree eee eee ste Oo Ua aietecd 26,438,017 | 1,594,230 | 44,038, 383 928, 513 
FISHERY METHODS. 
In Japanese waters salmon are taken by means of trap nets, haul 
seines, and gill nets. 
The haul seines used along the seashore have a length of about 500 
fathoms. Each is carried by a boat of 9 feet beam with 30 men, and 
the right wing, called the ‘‘outing wing,” is first paid out as the boat 
heads out from the beach. When the pocket, or bunt, is cast the 
boat turns its course toward the right and steers gradually landward, 
casting the left wing. When the school is encircled the seine is hauled 
ashore by the seine ropes. 
The floating trap net used for salmon is known as ‘“‘kaku-ami,” or 
square trap net. This consists of amain net and lead. The main net, 
or heart, is 70 fathoms long, 10 fathoms wide, and 10 fathoms deep, 
and the lead is 120 fathoms long. The latter guides the fish toward 
the main net. When being fished the pot is hauled up by a boat 
crew and the fish transferred to the boat by means of a dip net. 
