14 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 
The lampara net is made of cotton twine and may be operated 
either with one large boat or with two boats. The operation with 
one boat is carried out as follows: When a school of fish is located, 
one end of the net is thrown out with a buoy attached, sometimes 
anchored; then the boat is pulled around the fish in a circle, paying 
out the net until the boat is back to the buoy from which it started. 
Then an anchor is generally put over the side away from the net to 
hold the boat off. Then the fishermen start hhauline both ends of 
the net from the bow and the stern, until the bag is hauled up along- 
side. After getting the wings into the boat and the bag alongside, 
the fish are dipped out into the well or box. The net is then over- 
hauled and made ready for another lay. From three to five men are 
required to operate in this way. 
When two boats are used, the bag is dropped first; then the fish 
are circled by the boats pulling in opposite directions, paying out the 
coiled net until they meet, passing one another, one end of the net 
being passed over the other and the boats anchored. The wings 
are crossed while the net is being hauled in. The bag is thus hauled 
up between the boats, when the fish are taken out. Six to eight 
men are required to operate in this way. 
A modification of the lampara has sometimes been used of late, 
consisting of a purse, or semipurse attachment. It is in all respects 
a lampara net except that a purse line is added to the bunt of the 
net, which enables the operators to pull the lead line in more quickly 
after the net is partly in, thus impounding the fish in the bunt of 
the net. It is Heed that by this device it is easier to catch the 
fish in the daytime without their sounding and getting under the 
net when operating in deep water. A shallower net may be used, 
thus making its operation quicker and more economical. This 
device has not, however, been generally adopted. 
HERRING GILL NET. 
The herring gill net used in San Francisco Bay, Calif., is usually 
about 50 fathoms in length by 2in depth. Itis made of 2-inch mesh, 
2-ply cotton twine. The top strip of meshes, 3 or 4 inches wide, 
abutting the cork line, is made of 4 or 5 ply twine to give it greater 
strength. The cork line is one-half inch diameter manila, with corks, 
2 inches in diameter, at intervals of 2 feet. The lead line is three- 
eighths-inch manila, and the leads, weighing about 4 ounces, are 3 
feet apart. The net is operated from one boat and is handled by 
twomen. These nets are generally purchased ready-made. 
SMELT NET. 
Smelt nets in use on San Francisco Bay are usually made of linen 
twine. They are 28 to 30 fathoms long by 10 to 12 feet in depth and 
are constructed of 14or2inchmesh. In other respects they resemble 
the herring nets. 
TRAMMEL NET. 
A three-web.trammel net observed in use in southern California 
was 200 fathoms long by 24 deep. The small web. was of 74-inch 
mesh, and the large outside webs of 18-inch mesh. 
