20 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 
amount includes cod oil, 1,152,252 gallons, valued at $1,107,221; cod- 
liver oil, 235,805 gallons, valued at $665,080; herring and other fish 
oils, 542,112 gallons, valued at $437,836; seal oil, 23,121 gallons, valued 
at $21,598; sperm oil, 124,747 gallons, valued at $124,511; and 
other whale aL 521,035 gallons, valued at $572,747. The exports 
of fish oils in 1919 amounted to 1,085,551 gallons, valued at $976,831. 
Of this amount 526,980 gallons; valued at $401,466 went to England; 
409,122 gallons, valued at $353,221 to Scotland; and 59,722 gallons, 
valued at $70,309 to Canada. 
FISH SCRAP AND MEAL. 
The estimated production of fish and whale scrap and meal in 
1920 was 130,000 tons, a material increase over previous years. Of 
this amount, 16,898 ° tons are credited to the Pacific Coast States 
and Alaska. On the west coast, as a result of the heavy demand for 
fertilizer material, more than the usual amount of scrap was used for 
this purpose. In the menhaden industry of the Atlantic coast, the 
value of the Bureau’s assistance in encouraging the production of 
fish meal has been greatly appreciated. At least 5,000 tons of meal 
was turned out by the producers in 1920 and considerable quantities 
of unground scrap are reported as sold to manufacturers interested in 
supplying stock feeds. The Bureau of Animal Industry of the De- 
partment of Agriculture has continued its hog-feeding tests, using 
various fish meals, and samples have been supplied to some 15 State 
experiment stations with satisfactory results. The experiments in 
progress include the feeding of meal of high oil content, samples 
without removal of natural oil with additional oil added, and meal 
made from decomposed fish. If these tests yield satisfactory results, 
the producers of fish meal should be reasonably assured of markets 
for their product as soon as the farmers have become acquainted 
with the merits of this commodity. The whaling companies have 
recently expressed an interest in the manufacture of whale meal 
and have provided material for a feeding test. 
Considerable quantities of fish waste and waste fish incident to the 
New England fisheries remain unutilized, and in some cases its dis- 
ee is an item of no little expense to the producer. Lack of a regu- 
ar supply makes the operation of the larger reduction plants 1m- 
practicable, and the smaller plants appear to be not wholly satisfac- 
tory for the proper reduction of some of the raw materials in greatest 
abundance. The Bureau appreciates the need of solving the prob- 
lems of this field and hopes to be in position to take them up in the 
near future. 
FISH LEATHER. 
Notwithstanding the increase in the usual supplies of materials for 
tanning into leather, the possibilities of employing the hides of 
sharks and other ene aquatic animals continues to attract 
attention, and the number of inquiries for detailed information is 
large. Several companies are interested in developing the industry 
and in the establishment of fisheries for these forms. The Bureau of 
5 See Pacific Fisherman Yearbook, January, 1921, p. 105-106. 
