594 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
equipment and extent of territory covered, has been in connection 
with the operations at the Cape Vincent (N. Y.) station. Within 
the past year the capacity of the hatchery at that point has been 
increased approximately 150 per cent without increasing the floor 
space, this being made possible by the construction of a new and 
compact type of battery for the glass jars used in the incubation 
of these eggs. A cut of the battery showing the placing of jars 
and other details is shown herewith in Figure 1. The scope of the 
station’s field operations has been materially enlarged through close 
cooperation with the New York Conservation Commission and the 
Dominion and Provincial fisheries authorities of Canada. At the 
present time the most prolific field occupied is in the vicinity of the 
Bay of Quinte, on the Canadian side of Lake Ontario. 
The great need in all branches of fish conservation is effective, 
stringently enforced protective legislation. Simple, easily under- 
stood, and easily remembered fishery laws are always desirable, but 
in the Great Lakes regions the fault probably lies not so much in the 
character or wording of present laws as in the lax enforcement of 
legislation now on the statute books. A close season, varying in 
length to meet local conditions, should be established for all species 
in the Great Lakes region, and no commercial fishing should be per- 
mitted until 40 per cent of the fish on the fishing grounds are in 
spawning condition, this fact to be determined by the use of set nets 
operated under supervision. The State laws should provide that 
commercial fishermen operating during the spawning period be re- 
quired to turn over free of charge to designated agents of the bureau 
or the State the ripe eggs of all fish taken. In the framing of the 
laws more stress should be laid upon the legal size of fish than upon 
the size of the mesh of seines or nets, and a moderate percentage of 
small fish should be allowed. In connection with this feature of the 
work the importance of uniform laws governing all persons alike in 
a given locality is not to be overlooked. In order to bring about the 
greatest good, such laws must in their application be not only inter- 
state but international. 
The aggregate output of this group of stations, including the 
hatchery on Lake Champlain, where pike perch and yellow perch are 
propagated, amounted in round numbers to approximately 1,158,- 
000,000 eggs, fry, and fingerlings, as against 886,000,000 in the pre- 
ceding year. The increase may be attributed largely to more favor- 
able weather conditions prevailing throughout the spawning seasons 
of the species handled. By way of contrast in climatic conditions as 
they affect fish culture, the work in the Great Lakes region during 
the spawning season of 1920 suffered generally from severe cold and 
violent storms. During the spawning season of 1921, while stormy 
weather was encountered at certain points, the work was interfered 
with principally by unseasonably warm weather, resulting in water 
temperatures too high for the best results in artificial incubation. 
This branch of fish culture has for many years received the hearti- 
est support of the interests most directly benefited by the work, and 
that these interests still have faith in the efficacy of artificial propa- 
gation is evidenced by the many letters received from them, com- 
mending the work and urging its extension. While the figures given 
for the output of the Great Lakes represent largely such commercial 
