62 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
Future work looking to an increase in the output of the pond fishes 
must lie along the line of more intensive cultural methods. The 
proper steps to be taken in this direction are as yet more or less 
of an unsolved problem, but such studies as have been made would 
indicate that the problems are subject to satisfactory and practical 
solution. To the practical fish-culturist the deductions formed by 
observation of the results obtained from a certain pond giving most 
excellent results are sometimes seemingly contradicted by the results 
from another pond where conditions, from the generally accepted 
theories, are more favorable. Further investigations and studies of 
these interesting and important problems are urged as being abso- 
lutely essential. 
Another point in connection with the operation of the pond sta- 
tions is to determine the most suitable and effective way to distribute 
the output. The very young fry can not be successfully handled. 
Even the transfer of such fry to rearing ponds usually meets with 
a very heavy mortality. On the other hand, if they are retained 
in the spawning ponds with the adults the first fry appearing are 
sure to prey to a large extent oa the progeny of the later spawners 
and will themselves fall a prey to the adults. The loss of young 
fish from cannibalism is large in an artificial pond under the best 
of conditions. Perhaps the most suitable time to effect the trans- 
fer to rearing ponds or to distribute the fish in them is in the ad- 
vanced fry or No. 1 fingerling stage. At this time they are hardy 
enough to withstand careful handling, and, being still under the 
guardianship of the male parent, may easily be taken in a net as they 
school along the shores of the pond. 
SUMMARY OF OUTPUT. 
The output of the stations devoted to the culture of the so-called 
warm-water or pond fishes during the fiscal year 1921 aggregated 
2.473,711, as opposed to a production of 1,837,598 the preceding 
year. The seven stations included in the pond fish-cultural group 
are given in the table below, with the figures of the aggregate out- 
put of each for the fiscal years 1920 and 1921. The Edenton (N. C.) 
station, though listed with the pond fish-cultural stations, also does 
important work with the shad and glut herring, mention of which 
is made on pages 42 and 44 in this report. 
OurpuT or Ponp FisH-CULTURAL STATIONS, FiscAL YEARS 1920 anv 1921. 
Output. Output. 
Station. ee Station. 
1920 1921 1920 192] 
Cold Springs, Ga........-- 226, 833 279, 675 || San Marcos, Tex.......---. 376, 500 408, 811 
Edenton, N...C...2.4..5 oda. 42,560 32,990 || Tupelo, Miss..............- 472, 420 479, 875 
TOisvalle; Kye tee sc es 404,475 | 1,020,450 3 
Mammoth Spring, Ark..-.- 39, 895 32, 325 Totals< fe o-4--epasyse 1,837,598 | 2,473,711 
Orangeburg, S.C.....-...- 274,915 219, 675 
