( 512 ) 



larger orange markings in tbe basal half of tbe underside of tbe forewing tbau 

 the continental specimens. A ? from Aburi, Gold Coast, in tbe Tring Museum, 

 is albiuistic, being gre}' sbaded with brown. 



IT. Precis oenone crebrene. 



Junonia crehrnie Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lonil. p. 353 (1870) (S. Afr.). 



Precis oenone var. crebrene, Aurivillius, I.e. p. 13.5. u. 3 (1899) ; Pagenst., I.e. p. 140. n. 3 (1902). 



3 c?c?, 6 ? ? from : Jeldabel to Daba-ass, 20. ii. 00 ; Ardn, north of Harar, 

 2. iii. 00 ; Lake Haramaya, north of Harar, 17. iii. 00 ; Harar, 3. & 17. iv. OU ; 

 Mole !{., 21. i. 01. . 



This insect is an inhabitant of South and East Africa, occurring in West 

 Africa only in the more open ])arts of tbe Hinterland of Sierra Leoue, Gold Coast, 

 etc., not in the West African Forest Uegiou proper. 



The blue patch on the luudwing is vestigial in some of onr ? ? (Bogos, 

 Abyssinia ; and East Africa). 



18. Precis westermanni. 



Junonia westermanni, Westwood, Enl. Mo. Maij. vi. p. 278 (1870) (W. Afr.). 

 Precis westermanni, Aurivillius, I.e. p. 136. n. 5 (1899). 



An essentially West African insect, occnrring from the Gold Coast to Angola, 

 eastwards to the western districts of the Abyssinian Empire, and to British East 

 Africa, being apj)arently absent from Somaliland, Abyssinia proper, and tbe coast 

 regions of East Africa. The individuals obtained by 0. Neumann — Baron von 

 Erlanger did not meet with the species — agree best with specimens from British 

 East Africa. We can distinguish three subspecies, a West African one, an East 

 African one, and a north-eastern one, connected in characters by the individuals 

 known to us from tbe regions between the Congo Free State and the Eldoma 

 Ravine. 



In the West African cJc?, tbe orange jiatcb on the upperside of the forewing 

 does not extend to the base of M' and stops anteriorly at R' in nearly every 

 individual ; there is only one vestigial subapical spot, seldom two, often none ; 

 the black markings in the middle of the underside of tbe bindwing are heavy 

 and the black snbmarginal dots com])aratively large. In tbe ? ? tbe light 

 (indistinct) markings in the apical third or half of tbe upperside of the forewing 

 are much paler than tbe reddish spaces of the proximal area, being whitish ; 

 the underside of the same wing is also whitish in the distal half ; the black 

 submargiual dots of the bindwing are large. 



The specimens of onr series from Unyoro and Uganda (Dr. Ansorge) are on an 

 average smaller tiian the West African ones ; most of them possess two subapical 

 spots on tiie forewing, some three or even four ; the orange patch of the same 

 wing is slightly wider at M', reaching the base of this vein (or close to it) ; tbe 

 patch is sinuate jmjximally at the apex of the cell and extends beyond IV ; the 

 vmderside is either as heavily marked as in ^Vest African sjiecimens, or tlie black 

 bars and spots have become reduced and partly obliterated. The females agree 

 rather closely with West Alricau ones, or the upperside is nearly entirely 

 orange-red, the black colour being reduced and the pale spaces in the distal 

 half of the forewing being of the same colour as tlie basal and juisterior areas 

 of the wing. In these latter specimens the underside is also more uniform 

 in colour than in the tricolorous ones. 



