( 521 ) 

 31. Salamis temora. 



Sahniis leinora Felder, Reise Nomra, Le/i. p. 404. n. tJ05 (1867) (0. Calabar). 



4 <?(? from Scheko, 25. & 26. iv. 01. 



32. Salamis parhassus. 



Papilio Nyniphilis Gemiimtus jmrhassus Drury, lllustr. Ex. Ins. iii. p. 4. t. 4. f. 1. 2 & Judex 



(1782) (W. Afr.). 

 Salamis oHura«fo', Aurivillius (mm Linne, 1758), I.e. p. 145. n. 3 (1899) (partim); Pagenst., ^.c. 



p. 143. n. 1 (1902) (partim). 



There are two white continental species of Salamis, auacardii and parhassus, 

 Aurivilliu-s and Pageustecher, ll.cc, treated them as one, but they were decidedly 

 iu error. The two insects are qnite distinct from one another. However, each 

 varies to snch an extent in structure, as well as in colour and pattern, that we 

 do not wonder at these authors having fallen victims to a decejjtion. 



<S. parhassus is the species with glossy underside. The individuals are, on 

 the whole, larger than those of S. anacardii, and all of them have the eye-spot 

 M' — M- on the nnderside of the forewing well developed. The specimens fall 

 into two snhsi)ecies, one inhabiting the greater j)art of Africa, occurring from 

 the Cape Colony to Abyssinia and on the West Coast nortliward to the Niger, 

 the other being restricted to the rest of the West Coast. 



The names parhassus, aethiops { = aethiopa), aglatonice and viridescens are 

 given to this species, parhassus and aglatonice being referable to the darker 

 north-western subspecies, aud aethiops and riridescens to the southern and eastern 

 subspecies, which is more restricted black. Tlje synonymy aud distinctions are 

 as follows : — 



Salamis parhassus aethiops. 



Papilio acthiapx Palisot, Inx. Afr. Amr'i: p. 22 (1805) (Benin). 



Piipilio uetliiopa id., I.e. Lcp. t. 3 (1805). 



Salamis aglatoiilre^ auct- (partim), 



Salamis aiiacaniii, auct. (partim). 



Salamis parhassus, auct. (partim). 



Salamis anacardii a.h. ^^arlutssits, Aurivillius, I.e. (partim). 



Salamis anacardii ab. viridescens Thui'au, Bcrl. Eiit. ZeUschr. .xlviii. p. 138 (1903) (E. Africa). 



The black submarginal spot R' — R* of the forewing, on the upperside, 

 stands separate from tlie distal margiual band, which is narrower than in the 

 north-western subspecies, the spot being seldom connected with this band, while 

 it is rather often joined to the costal portion of the black apical area. The 

 marginal area of the hindwing is also, on the whole, more restricted black. 

 The black marks at and beyond the apex of the cell on the upperside of the 

 forewing are in ai'thiops also more reduced, and the marginal jiTojection below 

 the apex is longer. All these distinctions vary a good deal. Far more reliable 

 as a means of recognition ibr the classifier is the difi'erence in the copnlatory 

 organs of the cJc?. The harpe of the clasper is in purh. arthiops jjroduced 

 distad into a more or less club-shap('d jirocess, which is beset with short, brown, 

 conical teeth, the organ resembling the mediaeval weajinn calkcl " Moi'ginstern." 

 In parh. parhassus the harpe is proximally denticulate, but the distal j)rocess 

 is simply forked at the end, the prongs of the fork being long, slender, aud 

 sharply pointed. There aie seldom some small teeth on the prongs, but iu one 



